The leukocyte migration inhibition test was performed in 39 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and in 38 patients without such infection. The culture of Helicobacter pylori was used as antigen. A highly significant inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration was found in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. The results can be taken as proof of a systemic immune response to helicobacters at the cellular level in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• inhibice migrace buněk * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

It is known that macrophages release into medium in vitro biologically active substances which modulate immune response. In recent years, increase attention has been directed towards the role of prostaglandin in macrophage function. Guinea pig splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophage cultures were incubated with quartz (DQ12), Corundum and aspirin as prostaglandin inhibitor. Lymphocyte proliferation measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, and lymphokine release by Bendixen-Soborg capillary test (MIF) were applied. EA rosetting and phagocytosis were determined for macrophage function assessment. Quartz suppressed the immune response evidenced by reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation and decreased lymphokine production. Aspirin (as a specific prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor) restored the affected by quartz immunological parameters. This observation gives support to the hypothesis that the immunological response to quartz involves macrophage prostaglandin release, presumably as a first step of lipid peroxidation.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů účinky léků   MeSH
• aktivace makrofágů účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
• inhibiční faktory migrace makrofágů metabolismus   MeSH
• křemen farmakologie   MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• oxid křemičitý farmakologie   MeSH
• prostaglandiny imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibiční faktory migrace makrofágů MeSH
• křemen MeSH
• oxid křemičitý MeSH
• prostaglandiny MeSH

Patients treated with B-cell-targeting therapies like Rituximab or Ibrutinib have decreased serological response to various vaccines. In this study, we tested serological and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in 16 patients treated with Ibrutinib, 16 treated with maintenance Rituximab, 18 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with watch and wait status and 21 healthy volunteers. In comparison with the healthy volunteers, where serological response was achieved by 100% subjects, patients on B-cell-targeting therapy (Ibrutinib and Rituximab) had their response dramatically impaired. The serological response was achieved in 0% of Rituximab treated, 18% of Ibrutinib treated and 50% of untreated CLL patients. Cell-mediated immunity analysed by the whole blood Interferon-γ Release immune Assay developed in 80% of healthy controls, 62% of Rituximab treated, 75% of Ibrutinib treated and 55% of untreated CLL patients. The probability of cell-mediated immune response development negatively correlates with disease burden mainly in CLL patients. Our study shows that even though the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is severely impaired in patients treated with B-cell-targeting therapy, the majority of these patients develop sufficient cell-mediated immunity. The vaccination of these patients therefore might be meaningful in terms of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• Klíčová slova
• Cellular immune response, Ibrutinib, Rituximab, SARS-COV-2, Vaccination,
• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• chronická lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   etiologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
• rituximab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ibrutinib MeSH Prohlížeč
• rituximab MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

Rabbits infested for the first time with Psoroptes cuniculi (Group A) and heavily infested ones with unknown aetiology (Group B) were examined for specific serum antibody activity and responsiveness of their peripheral blood lymphocytes by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lymphocyte transformation assay methods. These parameters were examined after treatment with ivermectin and after subsequent challenge infestation with P. cuniculi. Group A rabbits developed a small number of mite-caused lesions, and exhibited a significant P. cuniculi antigen-induced T cell response and a high level of specific serum antibody. However, both lymphocyte responsiveness and antibody production were observed to be suppressed in Group B rabbits that were highly susceptible to P. cuniculi.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   MeSH
• infestace roztoči imunologie   veterinární   MeSH
• králíci parazitologie   MeSH
• roztoči imunologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci parazitologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The capacity of female BALB/c mice to mount an immune response and effective resistance to repeated infestations with I. ricinus nymphs was studied. An anamnestic antibody response and transient in vitro responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to tick antigens were demonstrated in repeatedly infested mice. On the other hand, the response to concanavalin A--a T-cell mitogen, was suppressed at the same time. In the presented experiment, BALB/c mice did not manifest tick resistance after three successive infestations (with a reinfestation period of 2 weeks). The possibility of an infestation-dependent modulation of immune response in BALB/c mice is discussed.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty imunologie   MeSH
• klíšťata imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nymfa imunologie   MeSH
• organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Saliva of sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) plays an important role in transmission of Leishmania parasites by modulating host immune response. However, because of the different protein compositions of saliva, the immunomodulatory effects may vary among sand fly species. We have therefore analysed and compared the immunomodulation effects of salivary gland lysate (SGL) of three different sand flies. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice were incubated with SGL of Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti or Lutzomyia longipalpis. Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was significantly suppressed with SGLs of all three sand fly species and all SGL doses tested. This result indicates that saliva from different sand fly species is able to suppress host proliferative response even to the potent mitogen. In parallel experiments, we analysed the effect of SGL on IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 production; in mitogen-stimulated cells SGLs markedly inhibited IFN-gamma production in all intervals tested (reduced up to 31%) and to a lesser degree impaired production of the other two cytokines as well. Despite some species-specific differences in the intensity of immunomodulatory effects, saliva of all sand fly species modulated cell proliferation as well as cytokine production in a similar way.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• buněčná imunita * MeSH
• cytokiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• imunologické faktory imunologie   MeSH
• interferon gama analýza   MeSH
• interleukin-2 analýza   MeSH
• interleukin-4 analýza   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Phlebotomus imunologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• Psychodidae imunologie   MeSH
• slinné žlázy chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• sliny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• imunologické faktory MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• interleukin-2 MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sphaerospora molnari is a myxozoan parasite causing skin and gill sphaerosporosis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in central Europe. For most myxozoans, little is known about the early development and the expansion of the infection in the fish host, prior to spore formation. A major reason for this lack of information is the absence of laboratory model organisms, whose life-cycle stages are available throughout the year. RESULTS: We have established a laboratory infection model for early proliferative stages of myxozoans, based on separation and intraperitoneal injection of motile and dividing S. molnari stages isolated from the blood of carp. In the present study we characterize the kinetics of the presporogonic development of S. molnari, while analyzing cellular host responses, cytokine and systemic immunoglobulin expression, over a 63-day period. Our study shows activation of innate immune responses followed by B cell-mediated immune responses. We observed rapid parasite efflux from the peritoneal cavity (< 40 hours), an initial covert infection period with a moderate proinflammatory response for about 1-2 weeks, followed by a period of parasite multiplication in the blood which peaked at 28 days post-infection (dpi) and was associated with a massive lymphocyte response. Our data further revealed a switch to a massive anti-inflammatory response (up to 1456-fold expression of il-10), a strong increase in the expression of IgM transcripts and increased number of IgM+ B lymphocytes, which produce specific antibodies for the elimination of most of the parasites from the fish at 35 dpi. However, despite the presence of these antibodies, S. molnari invades the liver 42 dpi, where an increase in parasite cell number and indistinguishable outer cell membranes are indicative of effective exploitation and disguise mechanisms. From 49 dpi onwards, the acute infection changes to a chronic one, with low parasite numbers remaining in the fish. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first time myxozoan early development and immune modulation mechanisms have been analyzed along with innate and adaptive immune responses of its fish host, in a controlled laboratory system. Our study adds important information on host-parasite interaction and co-evolutionary adaptation of early metazoans (Cnidaria) with basic vertebrate (fish) immune systems and the evolution of host adaptation and parasite immune evasion strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• B cells, Cyprinus carpio, Cytokines, Host–parasite interaction, IgM, Myxozoa, Sphaerospora molnari, Teleost,
• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hlavová ledvina metabolismus   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• kapři imunologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• Myxozoa růst a vývoj   imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb imunologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci u zvířat imunologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• spory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH

CD58 is an adhesion molecule that is known to play a critical role in costimulation of effector cells and is intrinsic to immune synapse structure. Herein, we describe a virally encoded gene that inhibits CD58 surface expression. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL148 was necessary and sufficient to promote intracellular retention of CD58 during HCMV infection. Blocking studies with antagonistic anti-CD58 mAb and an HCMV UL148 deletion mutant (HCMV∆UL148) with restored CD58 expression demonstrated that the CD2/CD58 axis was essential for the recognition of HCMV-infected targets by CD8+ HCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Further, challenge of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo with HCMV∆UL148 increased both CTL and natural killer (NK) cell degranulation against HCMV-infected cells, including NK-driven antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, showing that UL148 is a modulator of the function of multiple effector cell subsets. Our data stress the effect of HCMV immune evasion functions on shaping the immune response, highlighting the capacity for their potential use in modulating immunity during the development of anti-HCMV vaccines and HCMV-based vaccine vectors.

• Klíčová slova
• CD58, CTLs, NK cells, human cytomegalovirus, immune modulation,
• MeSH
• buněčná imunita * MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce genetika   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• Cytomegalovirus genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• imunitní únik * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny virové fúze genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• transformované buněčné linie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny virové fúze MeSH
• UL148 protein, human cytomegalovirus MeSH Prohlížeč

The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is one of the main pollinators worldwide. In a temperate climate, seasonality affects the life span, behavior, physiology, and immunity of honey bees. In consequence, it impacts their interaction with pathogens and parasites. In this study, we used Bayesian statistics and modeling to examine the immune response dynamics of summer and winter honey bee workers after injection with the heat-killed bacteria Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic honey bee pathogen. We investigated the humoral and cellular immune response at the transcriptional and functional levels using qPCR of selected immune genes, antimicrobial activity assay, and flow cytometric analysis of hemocyte concentration. Our data demonstrate increased antimicrobial activity at transcriptional and functional levels in summer and winter workers after injection, with a stronger immune response in winter bees. On the other hand, an increase in hemocyte concentration was observed only in the summer bee population. Our results indicate that the summer population mounts a cellular response when challenged with heat-killed S. marcescens, while winter honey bees predominantly rely on humoral immune reactions. We created a model describing the honey bee immune response dynamics to bacteria-derived components by applying Bayesian statistics to our data. This model can be employed in further research and facilitate the investigating of the honey bee immune system and its response to pathogens.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• hemocyty imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• roční období * MeSH
• Serratia marcescens * imunologie   MeSH
• včely imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• reakce antigenu s protilátkou MeSH
• těhotenství u zvířat * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH