Cellulase activity Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The method of liquefaction of gel from cross-linked cellulose was used for monitoring the cellulolytic activity of 114 cultures of higher fungi, 47 of which belonged to Pleurotus ostreatus. All cultures of P. ostreatus had a low activity. The highest cellulase activity, manifested by Piptoporus betulinus, was comparable with that of Tricloderma viride QM6a.
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota enzymologie MeSH
- celulasa metabolismus MeSH
- houby enzymologie MeSH
- mitosporické houby enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa MeSH
Endophytic fungi in plant tissues produce a wide range of secondary metabolites and enzymes, which exhibit a variety of biological activities. In the present study, litter endophytic fungi were isolated from a fire-prone forest and screened for thermostable cellulases. Among nine endophytic fungi tested, two isolates, Bartalinia pondoensis and Phoma sp., showed the maximum cellulase activity. Bartalinia pondoensis was further selected for its cellulase production and characterization. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested, maximum cellulase production was observed with maltose and yeast extract, and the eucalyptus leaves and rice bran served as the best natural substrates. The cellulase activity increased with increasing temperature, with maximum activity recorded at 100 °C. The maximum CMCase activity was observed between pH 6.0 and 7.0 and retained 80% of its activity in the pH range of 8-10. Partially purified cellulase of B. pondoensis retained 50% of its activity after 2 h of incubation at 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C. These results suggest that litter endophytic fungus B. pondoensis is a potential source for the production of thermostable and alkali-tolerant cellulase.
- Klíčová slova
- Agni fungi, Bartalinia pondoensis, Cellulase, Litter endophytic fungi, Thermal stability,
- MeSH
- alkálie MeSH
- Ascomycota * metabolismus MeSH
- celulasa * chemie MeSH
- celulasy * MeSH
- endofyty metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkálie MeSH
- celulasa * MeSH
- celulasy * MeSH
Production of cellulases was followed in 4 cultures of higher fungi (Agrocybe cylindracea, Len tinus tigrinus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ramaria formosa) cultivated on various substrates under different conditions. Stationary cultivation was more suitable than the submerged one. Addition of carboxymethy cellulose (CMC) was more suitable than addition of glucose. The cellulase activity in the presence of CMC was higher after a 12-d cultivation than after a 23-d period. Pine sawdust was most effective of all the substrates tested for the production of cellulases. Beech sawdust and wheat or rye straw were also useful. The addition of yeast autolyzate decreased the production of cellulases. A culture of L. tigrinud was the best producer.
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota enzymologie MeSH
- celulasa biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média * MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- kultivační média * MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH
A simple procedure for spectrophotometric determination of cellulase activity in coloured solutions is described. CM-cellulose, cross-linked with epichlorhydrin in the presence of black drawing ink, is used as an insoluble chromolytic substrate. The absorbance of reaction mixture filtrates are read in the near infra-red region (at 800-900 nm) where the absorbances of contaminating coloured substances are substantially lowered; by contrast, black drawing ink released from the substrate during the action of cellulases absorbs strongly at these wavelengths.
- MeSH
- celulasa analýza MeSH
- epichlorhydrin MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- inkoust * MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- roztoky MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie * metody MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa MeSH
- epichlorhydrin MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
- roztoky MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH
Efficient hydrolysis of holocellulose depends on a proper balance between cellulase (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) and xylanase activities. The present study aimed to induce the production of cellulases and xylanases using liquid cultures (one, two, three, and four fungal strains on the same bioreactor) of wild strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The strains were identified by amplification and analysis of the ITS rDNA region and the obtained sequences were deposited in Genbank. Enzymes (endoglucanase, exoglucansae, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities) and the profile of extracellular protein isoforms (SDS-PAGE) produced by different fungal combinations (N = 14) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). According to our results, induction of endoglucanase (19.02%) and β-glucosidase (6.35%) were obtained after 4 days when A. niger and F. oxysporum were cocultured. The combination of A. niger-T. harzianum produced higher endoglucanase in a shorter time than monocultures. On the contrary, when more than two strains were cultured in the same reactor, the relationships of competition were established, trending to diminish the amount of enzymes and the extracellular protein isoforms produced. The xylanase production was sensible to stress produced by mixed cultures, decreasing their activity. This is important when the aim is to produce cellulase-free xylanase. In addition, exoglucanase activity did not change in the combinations tested.
- Klíčová slova
- Aspergillus, Endoglucanase, Exoglucanase, Filamentous fungi, Fusarium, Trichoderma, β-Glucosidase,
- MeSH
- Ascomycota enzymologie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Aspergillus niger enzymologie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- bioreaktory mikrobiologie MeSH
- celulasy biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- celulosa metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fungální proteiny biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium enzymologie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kokultivační techniky * MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce fyziologie MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- Trichoderma enzymologie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- xylosidasy biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasy MeSH
- celulosa MeSH
- fungální proteiny MeSH
- xylosidasy MeSH
Cellulase produced by Trichoderma viride acted on carboxymethyl cellulose with a Km of 4.9 g substrate per litre, showing a pH optimum at 4.5 and a temperature optimum at 55 degrees C. Ag+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and N3- were inhibitory..
- MeSH
- aktivace enzymů MeSH
- celulasa metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- mitosporické houby enzymologie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Trichoderma enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa MeSH
Marine microorganisms represent virtually unlimited sources of novel biological compounds and can survive extreme conditions. Cellulases, a group of enzymes that are able to degrade cellulosic materials, are in high demand in various industrial and biotechnological applications, such as in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, food, fuel, agriculture, and single-cell protein, and as probiotics in aquaculture. The cellulosic biopolymer is a renewable resource and is a linearly arranged polysaccharide of glucose, with repeating units of disaccharide connected via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are broken down by cellulase. A great deal of biodiversity resides in the ocean, and marine systems produce a wide range of distinct, new bioactive compounds that remain available but dormant for many years. The marine environment is filled with biomass from known and unknown vertebrates and invertebrate microorganisms, with much potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. Hence, complex polysaccharides derived from marine sources are a rich resource of microorganisms equipped with enzymes for polysaccharides degradation. Marine cellulases' extracts from the isolates are tested for their functional role in degrading seaweed and modifying wastes to low molecular fragments. They purify and renew environments by eliminating possible feedstocks of pollution. This review aims to examine the various types of marine cellulase producers and assess the ability of these microorganisms to produce these enzymes and their subsequent biotechnological applications.
- Klíčová slova
- Cellulase activity, biomass, complex polysaccharides, marine enzymes, polysaccharides degradation, single-cell protein,
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biotechnologie metody MeSH
- celulasa * metabolismus MeSH
- celulasy * metabolismus MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- celulasa * MeSH
- celulasy * MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
Fungi harboring lignocellulolytic activity accelerate the composting process of agricultural wastes; however, using thermophilic fungal isolates for this process has been paid little attention. Moreover, exogenous nitrogen sources may differently affect fungal lignocellulolytic activity. A total of 250 thermophilic fungi were isolated from local compost and vermicompost samples. First, the isolates were qualitative assayed for ligninase and cellulase activities using Congo red (CR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrates, respectively. Then, twenty superior isolates harboring higher ligninase and cellulase activities were selected and quantitatively assayed for both enzymes in basic mineral (BM) liquid medium supplemented with the relevant substrates and nitrogen sources including (NH4)2SO4 (AS), NH4NO3 (AN), urea (U), AS + U (1:1), or AN + U (1:1) with final nitrogen concentration of 0.3 g/L. The highest ligninase activities of 99.94, 89.82, 95.42, 96.25, and 98.34% of CR decolorization were recorded in isolates VC85, VC94, VC85, C145, and VC85 in the presence of AS, U, AS + U, AN, and AN + U, respectively. Mean ligninase activity of 63.75% in superior isolates was achieved in the presence of AS and ranked the highest among other N compounds. The isolates C200 and C184 exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity in the presence of AS and AN + U by 8.8 and 6.5 U/ml, respectively. Mean cellulase activity of 3.90 U/mL was achieved in AN + U and ranked the highest among other N compounds. Molecular identification of twenty superior isolates confirmed that all of them are belonging to Aspergillus fumigatus group. Focusing on the highest ligninase activity of the isolate VC85 in the presence of AS, the combination can be recommended as a potential bio-accelerator for compost production.
- Klíčová slova
- Carboxymethyl cellulose, Congo red, Fungi, Lignocellulose, Nitrogen source,
- MeSH
- celulasa * MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- houby MeSH
- kompostování * MeSH
- oxygenasy * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa * MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- ligninase MeSH Prohlížeč
- oxygenasy * MeSH
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is hindered by the high costs of pretreatment and the enzymes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether co-cultivation of four selected cellulolytic fungi yields higher cellulase and xylanase activities compared to the monocultures and to investigate whether the enzymes from the co-cultures yield higher saccharification on selected plant materials without thermo-chemical pretreatment. The fungal isolates, Trichoderma reesei F118, Penicillium javanicum FS7, Talaromyces sp. F113, and Talaromyces pinophilus FM9, were grown as monocultures and binary co-cultures under submerged conditions for 7 days. The cellulase and xylanase activities of the culture filtrates were measured, and the culture filtrates were employed for the saccharification of sugarcane leaves, Guinea grass leaves, and water hyacinth stems and leaves. Total reducing sugars and individual sugars released from each plant material were quantified. The co-culture of Talaromyces sp. F113 with Penicillium javanicum FS7 and of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9 produced significantly higher cellulase activities compared to the corresponding monocultures whereas no effect was observed on xylanase activities. Overall, the highest amounts of total reducing sugars and individual sugars were obtained from Guinea grass leaves saccharified with the co-culture of T. reesei F118 with T. pinophilus FM9, yielding 63.5% saccharification. Guinea grass leaves were found to be the most susceptible to enzymatic saccharification without pre-treatment, while water hyacinth stems and leaves were the least. Accordingly, the study suggests that fungal co-cultivation could be a promising approach for the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioethanol production, Cellulases, Fungal co-cultures, Lignocellulosic materials, Saccharification, Xylanases,
- MeSH
- celulasa * metabolismus MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy * metabolismus MeSH
- houby * metabolismus enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Hypocreales růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Penicillium metabolismus růst a vývoj enzymologie MeSH
- Saccharum metabolismus MeSH
- Talaromyces * enzymologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa * MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy * MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- lignocellulose MeSH Prohlížeč
The production of CM and FP cellulases was studied during the growth of a wild strain of Trichoderma viride on microcrystalline cellulose. Part of the enzymes was found to be released into the medium while another part remained bound to the cell. Bound cellulases are released into the medium at the stage of cell lysis which takes place in the post-stationary phase. In this period extracellular CM and FP cellulases attain maximum activities. When the hyphae are subjected to a cold shock, maximum cellulase activity is detected already at the beginning of the stationary phase. an indirect method of dry cell mass determination showed that during exponential growth of cells on microcrystalline cellulose the mumax was 0.23 and the yield coefficient was 41%.
