IDEAL PROCESS Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Policy development and implementation are key to improving access to Assistive Technology (AT). In this paper, we describe a strength-based framework for doing this at national level. We used an action research approach, with the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disability (UNCRPD) as the primary frame of reference. Primary data were collected using the World Health Organisation's rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA). We describe the process of applying our emergent framework and how our findings support it. We identified seven guiding principles for effective policy process: Participatory, Resource aware, Outcomes focused, Collaborative, Evidence-informed, supporting good practices, and System strengthening - which can be summarized by the acronym PROCESS. Five crucial building blocks for effective AT policy development emerged: Identification of the assistive technology ecosystem, Demography of disability and AT use, Evaluation of inclusion and participation in existing policy, Alignment with UNCRPD and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Locality of implementation - which can be summarized with the acronym IDEAL. The IDEAL PROCESS incorporates key content building blocks and core process principles, constituting a systematic framework for guiding the development of context sensitive AT policy and a strength-based pathway to improving access AT.
- Klíčová slova
- APL, Assistive Technology, IDEAL PROCESS, policy development,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pomůcky pro sebeobsluhu * MeSH
- postižení * rehabilitace MeSH
- vytváření politiky MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
It is a challenge to define the ideal timing for revision surgery following an infected cranioplasty. Both healing of infected bone and preparedness of soft tissue must be considered. There is no gold standard regarding the timing of revision surgery and a lot of studies have contradictory findings. Many studies recommend waiting for 6-12 months to reduce reinfection risks. This case report highlights that delay in revision surgery for an infected cranioplasty is a useful and rewarding modality. It allows a longer observational timeframe to monitor for infectious episodes. Furthermore, vascular delay enhances tissue neovascularization and may therefore lead to less invasive reconstructive techniques with minimized donor site morbidities.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- patologická angiogeneze MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
- reinfekce MeSH
- reoperace MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Nanoparticles are often measured using atomic force microscopy or other scanning probe microscopy methods. For isolated nanoparticles on flat substrates, this is a relatively easy task. However, in real situations, we often need to analyze nanoparticles on rough substrates or nanoparticles that are not isolated. In this article, we present a simple model for realistic simulations of nanoparticle deposition and we employ this model for modeling nanoparticles on rough substrates. Different modeling conditions (coverage, relaxation after deposition) and convolution with different tip shapes are used to obtain a wide spectrum of virtual AFM nanoparticle images similar to those known from practice. Statistical parameters of nanoparticles are then analyzed using different data processing algorithms in order to show their systematic errors and to estimate uncertainties for atomic force microscopy analysis of nanoparticles under non-ideal conditions. It is shown that the elimination of user influence on the data processing algorithm is a key step for obtaining accurate results while analyzing nanoparticles measured in non-ideal conditions.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
"Comparison of the opinions of 14 European countries' population on ideal number of children in the family recorded...in 1994...[shows] a considerable homogeneity of European countries, especially that of the young generation.... The [comparison indicated]...differences among individual countries, which issued from their own cultural and religious traditions. It was confirmed that...young Europeans share...the opinion that the childless life is not empty and dull and that the parents...need not try to keep the family together with respect to their children. This fact indicates, together with a low attractiveness of the institution of marriage, [continuation] of a low fertility level even in the future." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
- Klíčová slova
- Age Factors *, Attitude *, Behavior, Comparative Studies, Cross-cultural Comparisons *, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Europe, Family And Household, Family Characteristics, Family Size, Family Size, Ideal--determinants *, Fertility, Fertility Decline *, Marriage, Marriage Patterns *, Nuptiality, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Psychological Factors, Research Methodology, Studies,
- MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
- chování MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- fertilita MeSH
- manželství * MeSH
- populace MeSH
- populační charakteristiky MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- porodnost * MeSH
- postoj * MeSH
- psychologie MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- věkové faktory * MeSH
- vyspělé země MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Autonomy is a key characteristic of attachment relations that varies as a function of attachment orientations and is also a key personality characteristic of leadership perceptions. In the presented research, we reasoned that the relationship between attachment and autonomy-related preference for specific leaders and leadership behavior would be a function of individuals' insecure attachment strategies. We tested our hypotheses in two studies. Study 1 used Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling to test expectations based on a cross-sectional design, while Study 2 utilized a vignette-based experimental design. We find that anxious individuals attributed less positive evaluations to an autonomous leadership style (Study 1), while avoidant persons attributed higher leader competence to an autonomous leader description (Study 2). Compared to less anxious participants, highly anxious participants attributed lower competence to the autonomous leader description. By examining how individual differences in attachment orientations can indirectly influence the ideal leader categorization process, the present set of studies lends support to the importance of attachment orientations and related working models in leader perception and contribute to the literature on leader-follower fit. Using a survey and experimental approach, we examine how followers' attachment schemas can shape the leader influence process, specifically concerning a preference for an autonomous leadership style.
- Klíčová slova
- attachment theory, implicit leadership theories, indivdual characteristics, leadership, personality,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A mononuclear complex [Co(neo)(PhCOO)2,], neo = neocuproine, PhCOO- = the benzoate anion, was prepared in two polymorph forms crystallizing in the C2/c, (1) and P21/c, (2) space groups. The polymorphs differ in the Co-O bond lengths and the level of trigonal distortion of their coordination polyhedra. The static and dynamic magnetic properties of these compounds were thoroughly studied by experimental (magnetometry) and theoretical (ab initio calculations) methods. The analysis of magnetic data was performed using the spin Hamiltonian formalism or the L-S model considering also the orbital angular momentum. It was revealed that both polymorphs possess a very large magnetic anisotropy with a pronounced rhombic character leading to the separation of the Kramers doublets larger than 120 cm-1. The measurements of alternating current susceptibility revealed that both polymorphs behave as field induced single molecule magnets with a small barrier of spin reversal (U = 22.1 K (for 1) and 17.1 K (for 2)) which indicates that relaxation processes other than the thermally activated Orbach process take place.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nimonic alloy is difficult to machine using traditional metal cutting techniques because of the high cutting forces required, poor surface integrity, and tool wear. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is used in a number of sectors to precisely machine complex forms of nickel-based alloy in order to attempt to overcome these challenges and provide high-quality products. The Taguchi-based design of experiments is utilized in this study to conduct the tests and analyses. The gap voltage (GV), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and wire feed (WF), are considered as the variable process factors. GRA is used for the WEDM process optimization for the Nimonic-263 superalloy, which has multiple performance qualities including the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and kerf width (KW). ANOVA analysis was conducted to determine the factors' importance and influence on the output variables. Multi objective optimization techniques were employed for assessing the machining performances of WEDM using GRA. The ideal input parameter combinations were determined to be a gap voltage (GV) of 40 V, a pulse-on time (Ton) of 8 µs, a pulse-off time (Toff) of 16 µs, and a wire feed (WF) of 4 m/min. A material removal rate of 8.238 mm3/min, surface roughness of 2.83 µm, and kerf width of 0.343 mm were obtained. The validation experiments conducted also demonstrated that the predicted and experimental values could accurately forecast the responses.
- Klíčová slova
- Taguchi—grey approach, WEDM, kerf width, material removal rate, superalloy, surface roughness,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
When trying to improve antibiotic processes that are already high yielding, real industrial problems have to be faced. These include the use of organisms with non-ideal growth and recombination cycles, and problems of scale up from the laboratory to the main production plant. Many of the principles derived from academic studies have to be radically modified before they can be applied in the industrial context. These issues are a challenge to those who genuinely wish to contribute to the solution of industrial problems.
The paper solves the problem of the nonexistence of a new method for calculation of dynamics of stress-deformation states of deformation tool-material systems including the construction of stress-strain diagrams. The presented solution focuses on explaining the mechanical behavior of materials after cutting by abrasive waterjet technology (AWJ), especially from the point of view of generated surface topography. AWJ is a flexible tool accurately responding to the mechanical resistance of the material according to the accurately determined shape and roughness of machined surfaces. From the surface topography, it is possible to resolve the transition from ideally elastic to quasi-elastic and plastic stress-strain states. For detecting the surface structure, an optical profilometer was used. Based on the analysis of experimental measurements and the results of analytical studies, a mathematical-physical model was created and an exact method of acquiring the equivalents of mechanical parameters from the topography of surfaces generated by abrasive waterjet cutting and external stress in general was determined. The results of the new approach to the construction of stress-strain diagrams are presented. The calculated values agreed very well with those obtained by a certified laboratory VÚHŽ.
- Klíčová slova
- abrasive waterjet cutting, deformation, mechanical equivalents, plasticity, surface topography,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This article presents a stochastic model of binaural hearing in the medial superior olive (MSO) circuit. This model is a variant of the slope encoding models. First, a general framework is developed describing the elementary neural operations realized on spike trains in individual parts of the circuit and how the neurons converging onto the MSO are connected. Random delay, coincidence detection of spikes, divergence and convergence of spike trains are operations implemented by the following modules: spike generator, jitter generator, and coincidence detector. Subsequent processing of spike trains computes the sound azimuth in the circuit. The circuit parameters that influence efficiency of slope encoding are studied. In order to measure the overall circuit performance the concept of an ideal observer is used instead of a detailed model of higher relays in the auditory pathway. This makes it possible to bridge the gap between psychophysical observations in humans and recordings taken of small rodents. Most of the results are obtained through numerical simulations of the model.
- MeSH
- akční potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- akustická stimulace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely neurologické * MeSH
- nervová síť * fyziologie MeSH
- nucleus olivaris caudalis * fyziologie MeSH
- sluchová dráha * fyziologie MeSH
- stochastické procesy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
