The aim of the study is to put forward the recent knowledge about a relatively rare clinical condition caused by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains κ or λ into the parenchyme of kidneys and other vital organs, leading to a progressive loss of their function with terminal organ failure. The paper focuses on the etiopathogenesis of light chain deposition disease, and the differentiation of idiopatic form of the disease from multiple myeloma associated conditions and other B lymphoproliferative disorders. We concentrate on the issue of clinical manifestation, contemporary diagnostic possibilities and differential diagnosis of the disease. Finally, we summarize recent therapeutic approaches using chemo-immunotherapy (bortezomib) and high-dosed chemotherapy with support of autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation that lead to a substantial improvement of the prognosis of this prognostically unfavorable disorder.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom diagnóza   MeSH
• paraproteinemie diagnóza   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů MeSH

High-light-inducible proteins (Hlips) are single-helix transmembrane proteins that are essential for the survival of cyanobacteria under stress conditions. The model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four Hlip isoforms (HliA-D) that associate with Photosystem II (PSII) during its assembly. HliC and HliD are known to form pigmented (hetero)dimers that associate with the newly synthesized PSII reaction center protein D1 in a configuration that allows thermal dissipation of excitation energy. Thus, it is expected that they photoprotect the early steps of PSII biogenesis. HliA and HliB, on the other hand, bind the PSII inner antenna protein CP47, but the mode of interaction and pigment binding have not been resolved. Here, we isolated His-tagged HliA and HliB from Synechocystis and show that these two very similar Hlips do not interact with each other as anticipated, rather they form HliAC and HliBC heterodimers. Both dimers bind Chl and β-carotene in a quenching conformation and associate with the CP47 assembly module as well as later PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47. In the absence of HliC, the cellular levels of HliA and HliB were reduced, and both bound atypically to HliD. We postulate a model in which HliAC-, HliBC-, and HliDC-dimers are the functional Hlip units in Synechocystis. The smallest Hlip, HliC, acts as a 'generalist' that prevents unspecific dimerization of PSII assembly intermediates, while the N-termini of 'specialists' (HliA, B or D) dictate interactions with proteins other than Hlips.

• Klíčová slova
• CP47, Chlorophyll, High-light-inducible proteins, Photosystem II, Synechocystis,
• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) metabolismus   MeSH
• protein TNFSF14 metabolismus   MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy * metabolismus   MeSH
• Synechocystis * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) MeSH
• protein TNFSF14 MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy * MeSH

Bright light is a treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. Other indications for bright light therapy have also been tested. These include non-seasonal depression, bipolar depression, chronic depressive disorder, ante- and postpartum depression, late luteal phase dysphoric disorder, circadian phase sleep disorders, jet lag, shift work problems, and behavioral disturbance and insomnia in organic dementia. Future studies should focus on exploring the use of light therapy in combination with sleep deprivation, other classes of antidepressants, and with psychotherapy and their possible combined effect on subtypes of depression or other mentioned diagnoses, light treatment duration, and the applicability and efficacy of adjunct light treatment for in-patients.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy terapie   MeSH
• fototerapie * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sezónní afektivní porucha terapie   MeSH
• světlo škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Light is the essential energy source for autotrophically growing organisms, including microalgae. Both light intensity and light quality affect cell growth and biomass composition. Here we used three green algae-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, and Parachlorella kessleri-to study the effects of different light intensities and light spectra on their growth. Cultures were grown at three different light intensities (100, 250, and 500 µmol m-2 s-1) and three different light sources: fluorescent lamps, RGB LEDs, and white LEDs. Cultures of Desmodesmus quadricauda and Parachlorella kessleri were saturated at 250 µmol m-2 s-1, and further increasing the light intensity did not improve their growth. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures did not reach saturation under the conditions used. All species usually divide into more than two daughter cells by a mechanism called multiple fission. Increasing light intensity resulted in an increase in maximum cell size and division into more daughter cells. In Parachlorella kessleri cells, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased with light intensity. Different light sources had no effect on algal growth or photosynthetic pigments. The results show a species-specific response of algae to light intensity and support the use of any white light source for their cultivation without negative effects on growth.

• Klíčová slova
• Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, LED, Parachlorella kessleri, cell growth, fluorescent tube, light intensity,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• Chlamydomonas reinhardtii * MeSH
• Chlorophyta * MeSH
• fotosyntéza MeSH
• mikrořasy * MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: To diagnose monoclonal gamopathy, one of the most frequent haematological diseases, we use immunochemical assays, which are based on the detection of paraprotein in serum and/or urine. METHODS AND RESULTS: The most common laboratory assays we use are SPE (serum protein electrophoresis) and IFE (immunofixation electrophoresis). New method represents the detection of free light chain (FLC) in serum. In our study we compared those three methods (SPE, IFE and FLC) from the point of sensitivity of paraprotein detection. For FLC detection was used Freelite system analyzer (Immunotech Beckman Coulter). We examined 51 patients with diagnosis of multiple myeloma, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, primary amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of FLC is a valuable method which sometimes could specify diagnosis of MG and make the treatment more accurate.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroforéza sérových bílkovin MeSH
• imunoelektroforéza MeSH
• lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paraproteinemie diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů MeSH

Prochlorococcus marinus, the smallest picocyanobacterium, comprises multiple clades occupying distinct niches, currently across tropical and sub-tropical oligotrophic ocean regions, including Oxygen Minimum Zones. Ocean warming may open growth-permissive temperatures in new, poleward photic regimes, along with expanded Oxygen Minimum Zones. We used ocean metaproteomic data on current Prochlorococcus marinus niches, to guide testing of Prochlorococcus marinus growth across a matrix of peak irradiances, photoperiods, spectral bands and dissolved oxygen. MED4 from Clade HLI requires greater than 4 h photoperiod, grows at 25 μmol O2 L-1 and above, and exploits high cumulative diel photon doses. MED4, however, relies upon an alternative oxidase to balance electron transport, which may exclude it from growth under our lowest, 2.5 μmol O2 L-1, condition. SS120 from clade LLII/III is restricted to low light under full 250 μmol O2 L-1, shows expanded light exploitation under 25 μmol O2 L-1, but is excluded from growth under 2.5 μmol O2 L-1. Intermediate oxygen suppresses the cost of PSII photoinactivation, and possibly the enzymatic production of H2O2 in SS120, which has limitations on genomic capacity for PSII and DNA repair. MIT9313 from Clade LLIV is restricted to low blue irradiance under 250 μmol O2 L-1, but exploits much higher irradiance under red light, or under lower O2 concentrations, conditions which slow photoinactivation of PSII and production of reactive oxygen species. In warming oceans, range expansions and competition among clades will be governed not only by light levels. Short photoperiods governed by latitude, temperate winters, and depth attenuation of light, will exclude clade HLI (including MED4) from some habitats. In contrast, clade LLII/III (including SS120), and particularly clade LLIV (including MIT9313), may exploit higher light niches nearer the surface, under expanding OMZ conditions, where low O2 relieves the stresses of oxidation stress and PSII photoinhibition.

• MeSH
• fotoperioda MeSH
• kyslík * metabolismus   MeSH
• mořská voda mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• Prochlorococcus * metabolismus   genetika   růst a vývoj   účinky záření   MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyslík * MeSH

Light pollution is increasing worldwide and significantly affects animal behavior. In birds, these effects include advancement of morning activity and onset of dawn song, which may affect extra-pair paternity. Advanced dawn song of males may stimulate females to engage in extra-pair copulations, and the earlier activity onset may affect the males' mate guarding behavior. Earlier work showed an effect of light at night on extra-pair behavior, but this was in an area with other anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we present a two-year experimental study on effects of light at night on extra-pair paternity of great tits (Parus major). Previously dark natural areas were illuminated with white, red, and green LED lamps and compared to a dark control. In 2014, the proportion of extra-pair young in broods increased with distance to the red and white lamps (i.e., at lower light intensities), but decreased with distance to the poles in the dark control. In 2013, we found no effects on the proportion of extra-pair young. The total number of offspring sired by a male was unaffected by artificial light at night in both years, suggesting that potential changes in female fidelity in pairs breeding close to white and red light did not translate into fitness benefits for the males of these pairs. Artificial light at night might disrupt the natural patterns of extra-pair paternity, possibly negates potential benefits of extra-pair copulations and thus could alter sexual selection processes in wild birds.

• Klíčová slova
• Parus major, artificial light at night, extra-pair paternity, great tit, light color, light pollution,
• MeSH
• barva * MeSH
• osvětlení škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Passeriformes fyziologie   MeSH
• sexuální chování zvířat účinky záření   MeSH
• světlo škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• HEAT *, LIGHT *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sklo * MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• vysoká teplota * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alternating electric current and alternating electromagnetic fields revolutionized physics and engineering and led to many technologies that shape modern life. Despite these undisputable achievements that have been reached using stimulation by harmonic oscillations over centuries, applications in biology remain rare. Photosynthesis research is uniquely suited to unleash this potential because light can be modulated as a harmonic function, here sinus. Understanding the response of photosynthetic organisms to sinusoidal light is hindered by the complexity of dynamics that such light elicits, and by the mathematical apparatus required for understanding the signals in the frequency domain which, although well-established and simple, is outside typical curricula in biology. Here, we approach these challenges by presenting a mathematical model that was designed specifically to simulate the response of photosynthetic light reactions to light which oscillates with periods that often occur in nature. The independent variables of the model are the plastoquinone pool, the photosystem I donors, lumen pH, ATP, and the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) quencher that is responsible for the qE non-photochemical quenching. Dynamics of ChlF emission, rate of oxygen evolution, and non-photochemical quenching are approximated by dependent model variables. The model is used to explain the essentials of the frequency-domain approaches up to the level of presenting Bode plots of frequency-dependence of ChlF. The model simulations were found satisfactory when compared with the Bode plots of ChlF response of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to light that was oscillating with a small amplitude and frequencies between 7.8 mHz and 64 Hz.

• Klíčová slova
• Chlorophyll fluorescence, Fourier analysis, Frequency domain, Harmonic light, Non-photochemical quenching, Oxygen evolution, Plastoquinone pool,
• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza * fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• fotosystém I (proteinový komplex) metabolismus   MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• fotosystém I (proteinový komplex) MeSH

Light quality is an important environmental factor affecting the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments whose production seems to be affected not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. In this work, we set out to identify unusual pigment detected in leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and explain its presence in plants grown under monochromatic green light (GL; 500-590 nm). The chromatographic analysis (HPLC-DAD) revealed that a peak belonging to this unknown pigment is eluted between chlorophyll (Chl) a and b. This pigment exhibited the same absorption spectrum and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra as Chl a. It was negligible in control plants cultivated under white light of the same irradiance (photosynthetic photon flux density of 240 μmol m-2 s-1). Mass spectrometry analysis of this pigment (ions m/z = 889 [M-H]-; m/z = 949 [M+acetic acid-H]-) indicates that it is Chl a with a tetrahydrogengeranylgeraniol side chain (containing two double bonds in a phytyl side chain; Chl aTHGG), which is an intermediate in Chl a synthesis. In plants grown under GL, the proportion of Chl aTHGG to total Chl content rose to approximately 8% and 16% after 7 and 14 days of cultivation, respectively. Surprisingly, plants cultivated under GL exhibited drastically increased concentration of the enzyme geranylgeranyl reductase, which is responsible for the reduction of phytyl chain double bonds in the Chl synthesis pathway. This indicates impaired activity of this enzyme in GL-grown plants. A similar effect of GL on Chl synthesis was observed for distinct higher plant species.

• Klíčová slova
• Chlorophyll, Chlorophyllide, Geranylgeranyl reductase, LIL3, Light quality, Phytyl chain,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• chlorophyll b MeSH Prohlížeč
• geranylgeranyl reductase MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxidoreduktasy MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy MeSH