The global effort to eliminate HCV infection requires new approaches to accessing and testing the affected population in a setting with as low of a threshold as possible. The focus should be on socially marginalized people who inject drugs (PWIDs) and who are not willing or able to visit standard medical services. With this vision, we established an outreach service-a testing point in an ambulance in the park in front of the Main Railway Station of the capital city of Prague-to provide bloodborne disease testing and treatment. The service was available every week on Wednesday afternoon. Over the initial two years of our experience, 168 unique people were tested. Of them, 82 (49%) were diagnosed with chronic HCV infection and were eligible for treatment with antivirals. Of these, 24 (29%) initiated antiviral treatment over the study period, and 17 (71%) of these individuals achieved a documented sustained virological response. Offering medical services in PWIDs' neighborhoods helps overcome barriers and increase the chances that they will become patients and begin HCV treatment. The described outcomes appear promising for reaching the vision of linkage to the care of such a hard-to-reach population and can serve as a feasible model of care for further expansion.

• Klíčová slova
• Comprehensive Care Program (CCP), HCV infection, Prague, WHO HCV elimination plan, off-site service, outreach program Remedis, people who inject drugs (PWIDs), viral hepatitis C,
• MeSH
• antivirové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Hepacivirus MeSH
• hepatitida C * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• uživatelé drog * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antivirové látky MeSH

• MeSH
• environmentální zdraví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nebezpečný odpad * MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• souhrny MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nebezpečný odpad * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Long-term monitoring of the mutual effects of chronic viral hepatitis C (VHC) treatment and tailored addiction treatment. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published an action plan to eliminate viral hepatitis C globally by 2030. People who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population that needs increased attention and care. Two decades before the announcement of the WHO plan for the global elimination of HCV (hepatitis C virus), the Remedis Medical Facility, where the study was conducted, established a “Comprehensive Care Program for patients with substance use disorders and addictive behaviour”. METHODS: We evaluated all patients who were in the methadone program as of 1 March 2020, regardless of OST duration, OST dosage, age or gender. Their epidemiological and demographic data obtained during a structured clinical interview and laboratory test results were analysed. RESULTS: Of 24 patients on methadone substitution therapy, 12 (50%) were anti-HCV negative before starting OST. None of them became newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during OST. The remaining 12 of the study patients were anti-HCV positive. Ten of them have already undergone successful treatment for viral hepatitis. Two patients were re-infected with HCV. CONCLUSION: The presented work confirms the high efficacy of chronic VHC treatment among PWID in inducing suitable conditions. We consider combination of HCV infection treatment and targeted tailored addiction treatment as a starting point for achieving control over the HCV epidemic in the Czech Republic, with a possible positive impact on other blood-borne infections related to risky behaviour.

• Klíčová slova
• HCV (hepatitis C virus), MTD (methadone), OST (opioid substitution treatment), PWID (People Who Injected Drugs), Remedis, Prague, VHC (viral hepatitis C),
• MeSH
• antivirové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hepatitida C * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methadon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• opiátová substituční terapie MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antivirové látky MeSH
• léčivé přípravky * MeSH
• methadon MeSH

A group of 46 leading environmental health scientists from 15 nations unanimously agreed to join forces in a new scientific effort to protect human health around the world from the potentially harmful effects of environmental chemicals and radioactive materials. The scientists agreed to establish a non-political European-based, not-for-profit organization whose objectives will be to promote, coordinate and fund environmental health research in order to provide a scientific basis for environmental remediation. The organization will be affiliated with the Conte Institute. The research priorities decided upon for Eastern and Central Europe were as follows: 1. Research into the effects of toxic metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and beryllium. 2. Research in the populations of the region on cancer, birth defects, and other diseases, with emphasis on data sharing across national boundaries, on quality control, and on use of biomarkers of reproductive and other effects. 3. Studies on the molecular, biochemical, and chromosomal bases for varying genetic susceptibilities to environmentally-induced diseases. 4. Coordination of research on radiation effects, especially on radiation-exposures resulting from nuclear power and weapons plants. 5. Research on approaches to bioremediation. 6. Education and training of professionals and nonprofessionals in environmental health issues, on an international basis. These and other issues will be taken up over time by this new, cooperative scientific research organization, as decided at the Prague Conference.

• MeSH
• environmentální zdraví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
• Společenství nezávislých států MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Společenství nezávislých států MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

Physical activity is the basic non-pharmacological instrument in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, only a small number of diabetics take regular physical exercise. One of the reasons why diabetics "do not exercise" is that they have little opportunity to try physical stress under expert supervision and to get to know its effects on, for example, sugar levels. It is a very complex matter to define the optimal intensity of physical activity of, for example, a diabetic who suffers from obesity. In 2001 VSTJ MEDICINA Prague opened its first physical activity centre at the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, in cooperation with the Third Internal Clinic and the Institute of Sports Medicine of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. It now has over 2000 members, of whom around 60% are patients with metabolic syndrome. Over 150 patients exercise every day under the supervision of expert instructors. The main objective of the Physical Activity Centre is to teach patients the correct principles of physical exercise to enable them to continue carrying out their trainers' instructions at home. A correct understanding of the importance of physical exercise and practical experience under the supervision of experienced instructors improves compliance and has a strong effect on the compensation of diabetes, thereby improving the prognoses of these patients.

• MeSH
• ambulantní zařízení * MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• terapie cvičením * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• akademický sbor lékařské fakulty dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• homeopatie * výchova   dějiny   MeSH
• studium lékařství * dějiny   MeSH
• tradiční lékařství dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Several Ranunculaceae species are used in folk medicine to eliminate pathologies associated with oxidative stress as well as parasitic infections; however, a number of studies confirming their pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, 19 ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 Ranunculaceae species were assayed for in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic potential. The maximum antioxidant potential in both oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays was observed for Aconitum toxicum extract [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 18.7 and 92.6 μg/mL]. Likewise, Anemone transsilvanica extract exerted the most promising antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 (IC50 46.9 μg/mL) and HT29 (IC50 70.2 μg/mL) cell lines in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, a dual antioxidant and cytotoxicity effect was demonstrated for Aconitum moldavicum and Caltha palustris extracts. Whilst the efficacy of extracts was modest against Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 ranging from 88.8 to 269.3 µg/mL), several extracts exhibited high potency against Leishmania infantum promastigotes (Aconitum vulparia IC50 18.8 µg/mL). We also tested them against the clinically relevant intracellular stage and found extract of A. vulparia to be the most effective (IC50 29.0 ± 1.1 µg/mL). All tested extracts showed no or low toxicity against FHs 74Int normal cell line (IC50 ranging from 152.9 to >512 µg/mL). In conclusion, we suggest the above-mentioned plant extracts as potential candidates for development of novel plant-based antioxidant and/or antiproliferative and/or antileishmanial compounds.

• Klíčová slova
• antileishmanial, antioxidants, antitrypanosomal, buttercup family, cytotoxicity, medicinal plants, plant extract,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• antiparazitární látky farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• buňky HT-29 MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proliferace buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• Ranunculaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• tradiční lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rumunsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• antiparazitární látky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.

• Klíčová slova
• Inocybe mushroom, muscarine, psilocin, psilocybin, toxicology,
• MeSH
• Agaricales chemie   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• lektiny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muskarin chemie   otrava   toxicita   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• otrava houbami etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• psilocybin analogy a deriváty   chemie   otrava   toxicita   MeSH
• tryptaminy chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lektiny MeSH
• muskarin MeSH
• N, N, N-trimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
• psilocin MeSH Prohlížeč
• psilocybin MeSH
• tryptaminy MeSH

Only one copy exists of the very first medical self-help book written in the Yiddish language. The author, a well respected. barber-surgeon in Prague, states that he wrote the book for those too poor to consult a physician. Physicians were not as knowledgable or experienced as the barber-surgeons who were the principal providers of medical care for the masses. The book follows the format of discussing illnesses from head to toe, and includes numerous prescriptions for toothache, loose teeth, foul mouth and sore tongue. We derive an interesting picture of what dental treatment was like in the mid-seventeenth century.

• MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• lazebník dějiny   MeSH
• příručky lékařské * MeSH
• stomatologická péče dějiny   MeSH
• tradiční lékařství dějiny   MeSH
• Židé dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• O autorovi
• Bär Teller, Isaachar

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To map the current distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Czech Republic and to compare the results with the previously reported data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 766 injecting drug users (IDUs) tested in the Remedis hepatology centre, Prague, in 2005 - 2007, 459 (60%) were anti-HCV positive, with viral replication detected by PCR in 326 (71%) of seropositives. PCR products from a randomly selected representative sample of 222 patients were analyzed by sequencing the NS5B region to determine HCV genotypes. Demographic and epidemiological data of the probands were collected by means of an interviewer-assisted questionnare survey. RESULTS: Of 222 study subjects, mostly long-term IDUs, including 154 (69%) males, mean age of 27 years, 131 (61%) reported opiates and 74 (35%) metamphetamine as their favourite drugs. Genotypic analysis found genotype 1, the most common one, in 168 (75.5%) subjects, with slight predominance of subtype 1a, detected in 90 (40.5%) subjects, over subtype 1b, identified in 78 (35%) subjects, while genotype 3 was revealed in 52 (23.5%) IDUs and showed a significant increase in 2007 compared to 2006. The comparison with the control data obtained 5 years earlier showed a substantial rise in the prevalence of genotype 3, previously rare in Czech IDUs, and a significantly increased proportion of subtype 1a among genotype 1 strains. Other genotypes reported from other European countries remain rare in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes were found in the distribution and dynamics of HCV genotypes in the Czech Republic over the last years that are consistent with the changing route of HCV transmission in which injecting drug use currently plays the major role.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Hepacivirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hepatitida C diagnóza   etiologie   virologie   MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog virologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sérologické testy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH