• MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• komentáře MeSH

Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is essential for proper initial antibiotic therapy and timely set up of hygienic measures. Recently, detection of MRSA using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer mediated by the peptide-phenol-soluble modulin (PSM-mec)-linked to the class A mec gene complex present in SCCmec cassettes types II, III, and VIII of MRSA strains, has been commercially available. We present here a multicentre study on MALDI-TOF MS detection of MRSA evincing a poor repeatability and reproducibility of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay varies between 50 and 90% in strains carrying psmMEC and psmδ genes encoding for PSM-mec and δ-toxin (a member of the PSM peptide family), respectively. No false positive results were found. The very major error calculation was 30% and the major error achieved 0%. Interlaboratory repeatability varies between 0 and 100%. No significant difference was observed with the use of different cultivation media. Our data showed a poor sensitivity of the method excluding it from the use in routine laboratory testing.

• Klíčová slova
• MALDI-TOF MS, MRSA, PSM,
• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární * MeSH
• diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• staphylococcal delta toxin MeSH Prohlížeč

Predicting fish acute toxicity of chemicals in vitro is an attractive alternative method to the conventional approach using juvenile and adult fish. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line assay with RTgill-W1 cells has been designed for this purpose. It quantifies cell viability using fluorescent measurements for metabolic activity, cell- and lysosomal-membrane integrity on the same set of cells. Results from over 70 organic chemicals attest to the high predictive capacity of this test. We here report on the repeatability (intralaboratory variability) and reproducibility (interlaboratory variability) of the RTgill-W1 cell line assay in a round-robin study focusing on 6 test chemicals involving 6 laboratories from the industrial and academic sector. All participating laboratories were able to establish the assay according to preset quality criteria even though, apart from the lead laboratory, none had previously worked with the RTgill-W1 cell line. Concentration-response modeling, based on either nominal or geometric mean-derived measured concentrations, yielded effect concentrations (EC50) that spanned approximately 4 orders of magnitude over the chemical range, covering all fish acute toxicity categories. Coefficients of variation for intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability for the average of the 3 fluorescent cell viability measurements were 15.5% and 30.8%, respectively, which is comparable to other fish-derived, small-scale bioassays. This study therefore underlines the robustness of the RTgill-W1 cell line assay and its accurate performance when carried out by operators in different laboratory settings.

• Klíčová slova
• in vitro alternatives, round-robin study, validation,
• MeSH
• aniliny toxicita   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• laboratoře MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity metody   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 3,4-dichloroaniline MeSH Prohlížeč
• aniliny MeSH

AIM: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the repeatability of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) measurement by keratograph when it is determined from one, two or three partial measurements, and to recommend a suitable methodology for practice. Another goal is to verify that repeated measurements do not affect the measured value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers (30 women and 8 men) aged between 19 and 50 years old were included in the study, in which only one eye of each volunteer was measured. The study was designed as a prospective one. Each subject adapted to the local conditions of the laboratory for 15 minutes and subsequently underwent two series of NIBUT measurements (test, retest) on an OCULUS 3 Keratograph. The minimum time interval between the two series was 10 minutes, in which each series contained three partial measurements approximately 3 three measurements in the given series. Repeatability was assessed by a Bland-Altman analysis and expressed as a repeatability coefficient. In every case, only the time of the first break-up of the tear film was monitored. RESULTS: The statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences both between partial measurements of NIBUT in the individual series (p = 0.92, p = 0.81) and when comparing all six measurements (p = 0.95). The mean values of the partial measurements ranged from 13.6 s to 14.4 s. The repeatability coefficients were found to be 15.0 s, 12.1 s and 10.0 s for methodologies A, B and C, respectively. A supplementary analysis for 12 eyes with low NIBUT (< 10 s) showed statistically significantly better repeatability in this group, with coefficients of 7.0 s (methodology A), 6.0 s (B) and 4.6 s (C). CONCLUSION: Determination of NIBUT from three consecutive measurements (with a sufficient interval of ideally a few minutes) significantly improves repeatability. Such repeated NIBUT measurements do not have a significant effect on the measured value. The mentioned methodology for measuring NIBUT on a keratograph can be recommended for use in practice.

• Klíčová slova
• BUT, NIBUT, break-up time test, dry eye syndrome, repeatability of measurement, tear film,
• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky oftalmologické přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rohovka diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• slzy * chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We compared the repeatability of 2 ultrasonographic methods for endothelial function assessment at brachial artery-flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and post-ischemic peak blood flow (PBF). Twenty healthy volunteers were examined twice within 10 days; coefficients of variation were 13.8% for PBF and 41.0% for FMD. PBF seems to be superior to FMD in terms of reproducibility. Consequently, smaller noninvasive studies of endothelial function can be designed utilizing PBF compared with FMD.

• MeSH
• arteria brachialis patofyziologie   MeSH
• cévní endotel diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rychlost toku krve fyziologie   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• vazodilatace fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Resting metabolic rate (RMR), i.e. spent energy necessary to maintain basic life functions, is a basic component of energy budget in ectotherms. The evolution of RMR through natural selection rests on the premise of its non-zero repeatability and heritability, i.e. consistent variation within individual lifetimes and resemblance between parents and their offspring, respectively. Joint estimates of RMR repeatability and heritability are missing in ectotherms, however, which precludes estimations of the evolutionary potential of this trait. We examined RMR repeatability and heritability in a long-lived ectotherm, the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris). Individual RMR was repeatable over both six-month (0.28 ± 0.09 [SE]) and five-year (0.16 ± 0.07) periods. While there was no resemblance between parent and offspring RMR (0.21 ± 0.34), the trait showed similarity among offspring within families (broad-sense heritability; 0.25 ± 0.09). Similar repeatability and broad-sense heritability values in parental and offspring generations, respectively, and non-conclusive narrow-sense heritability suggest the contribution of non-additive genetic factors to total phenotypic variance in this trait. We conclude that RMR evolutionary trajectories are shaped by other processes than natural selection in this long-lived ectotherm.

• Klíčová slova
• Energy metabolism, Full-sib analysis, Individual variation, Natural selection, Parent-offspring,
• MeSH
• bazální metabolismus genetika   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Salamandridae fyziologie   MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Many scientific disciplines are currently experiencing a 'reproducibility crisis' because numerous scientific findings cannot be repeated consistently. A novel but controversial hypothesis postulates that stringent levels of environmental and biotic standardization in experimental studies reduce reproducibility by amplifying the impacts of laboratory-specific environmental factors not accounted for in study designs. A corollary to this hypothesis is that a deliberate introduction of controlled systematic variability (CSV) in experimental designs may lead to increased reproducibility. To test this hypothesis, we had 14 European laboratories run a simple microcosm experiment using grass (Brachypodium distachyon L.) monocultures and grass and legume (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) mixtures. Each laboratory introduced environmental and genotypic CSV within and among replicated microcosms established in either growth chambers (with stringent control of environmental conditions) or glasshouses (with more variable environmental conditions). The introduction of genotypic CSV led to 18% lower among-laboratory variability in growth chambers, indicating increased reproducibility, but had no significant effect in glasshouses where reproducibility was generally lower. Environmental CSV had little effect on reproducibility. Although there are multiple causes for the 'reproducibility crisis', deliberately including genetic variability may be a simple solution for increasing the reproducibility of ecological studies performed under stringently controlled environmental conditions.

• MeSH
• Brachypodium genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• Medicago truncatula genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• výzkumný projekt * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

CONTEXT: Tumour grade is an important prognostic indicator in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Histopathological classifications are limited by interobserver variability (reproducibility), which may have prognostic implications. European Association of Urology NMIBC guidelines suggest concurrent use of both 1973 and 2004/2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognostic performance and reproducibility of the 1973 and 2004/2016 WHO grading systems for NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature search was undertaken incorporating Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were critically appraised for risk of bias (QUIPS). For prognosis, the primary outcome was progression to muscle-invasive or metastatic disease. Secondary outcomes were disease recurrence, and overall and cancer-specific survival. For reproducibility, the primary outcome was interobserver variability between pathologists. Secondary outcome was intraobserver variability (repeatability) by the same pathologist. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Of 3593 articles identified, 20 were included in the prognostic review; three were eligible for the reproducibility review. Increasing tumour grade in both classifications was associated with higher disease progression and recurrence rates. Progression rates in grade 1 patients were similar to those in low-grade patients; progression rates in grade 3 patients were higher than those in high-grade patients. Survival data were limited. Reproducibility of the 2004/2016 system was marginally better than that of the 1973 system. Two studies on repeatability showed conflicting results. Most studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Current grading classifications in NMIBC are suboptimal. The 1973 system identifies more aggressive tumours. Intra- and interobserver variability was slightly less in the 2004/2016 classification. We could not confirm that the 2004/2016 classification outperforms the 1973 classification in prediction of recurrence and progression. PATIENT SUMMARY: This article summarises the utility of two different grading systems for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Both systems predict progression and recurrence, although pathologists vary in their reporting; suggestions for further improvements are made.

• Klíčová slova
• 1973 World Health Organization classification, 2004/2016 World Health Organization classification, Grade, Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Prognosis, Progression, Recurrence, Repeatability, Reproducibility,
• MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře klasifikace   mortalita   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy   MeSH
• stupeň nádoru metody   normy   MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Hand-transmitted vibration has been observed to cause a wide variety of different signs and symptoms of neurological dysfunction. Different tests of tactile sensitivity, encompassing sensations of pressure, vibration, pain and temperature have been employed in the quantification of the sensorineural effects of vibration. However, since the results of such tests are dependent on different variables, and different versions of each test are used in different laboratories, the results are rarely reported in a manner allowing a direct comparison of results between studies. This paper reports on an investigation of the repeatability of thermotactile thresholds, as used in the detection of some neurological effects of hand-transmitted vibration. In the test, the temperature of a surface increased or decreased from a fixed reference (i.e. starting) temperature at a rate of 1 degree C per second. In a group of 10 health male subjects, five measures of both warm and cool thermal thresholds were obtained with each of 5 different starting temperatures on each of 3 different days. The 'neutral zone' between the warm and cool thresholds was also calculated. The starting temperature was found to have a significant effect on warm and cool thresholds, and less effect on the width of the neutral zone. It is concluded that the starting temperature should be controlled when determining thermotactile thresholds.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• prsty ruky fyziologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• teplota kůže * MeSH
• vibrace * MeSH
• vnímání teploty * MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

PURPOSE: To assess the intraday repeatability of macular architecture measurements in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate the independence from intraindividual intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations. METHODS: In this single-center, time-point comparison study, 88 eyes with glaucoma, 53 eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT), and 253 healthy eyes underwent two standardized SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements on the same day with a 5-h time gap. Bland-Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and random-effects model were used to analyze repeatability of entire retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer measurements. RESULTS: Intraday measurements were highly reproducible in all 3 groups. ICC were greater than 0.90, respectively. The pairwise comparisons of morphometric parameters showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001, respectively) between groups (glaucoma vs. control, glaucoma vs. OHT) and a significant influence of time points. No correlation was found between IOP fluctuations and morphometric parameters (P > 0.05, respectively), except for a weak positive correlation with GCL (rho = 0.109, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of macular morphometric parameters of SD-OCT showed a high intraday repeatability and an excellent degree of agreement in glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and healthy groups. The fixed effects of time points were statistically significant. Except for a weak positive correlation of ganglion cell layer, variability did not appear to be affected by intraday IOP changes. Additional research is required to fully understand the impact of IOP fluctuations on macular morphometric parameters, considering the small observed IOP changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Glaucoma progression analysis, Posterior pole analysis, Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom * diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• macula lutea * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nervová vlákna * patologie   MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * fyziologie   MeSH
• oční hypertenze diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retinální gangliové buňky * patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tonometrie oční MeSH
• zraková pole fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH