• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epidemiologie MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítače * MeSH
• služby preventivní péče MeSH
• státní lékařství organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Latency is one of the key parameters of Internet services. However, it is difficult to correctly assess a service by its latency. Many latency measurements are blocked en route by routers and firewalls. For this reason, the service latency is not fully known. This work proposes a method to assess Internet services including the blocked latency measurements. Survival theory is applied to process latency values. The results show that the omission of blocked latencies from statistical processing severely underestimates the service latency. Two Internet service providers were compared as an example. Their latency difference was 9 ms using the traditional approach. The survival latency resulted in a difference of 17 ms. The method of survival latency can be used to increase revenues in e-commerce and to improve the experience of online gaming.

• Klíčová slova
• CDN, E-commerce, IP address, ISP, Internet, Latency, Measurement, Service,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Despite a number of studies on effectiveness of palliative care, there is a lack of complex updated review of the impact of in-hospital palliative care consult service. The objective is to update information on the impact of palliative care consult service in inpatient hospital setting. METHODS: This study was a systematic literature review, following the standard protocols (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Joanna Briggs Institute tools) to ensure the transparent and robust review procedure. The effect of palliative care consult service was classified as being associated with improvement, no difference, deterioration or mixed results in specific outcomes. PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Ultimate and SocINDEX were systematically searched up to February 2020. Studies were included if they focused on the impact of palliative care consult service caring for adult palliative care patients and their families in inpatient hospital setting. RESULTS: After removing duplicates, 959 citations were screened of which 49 full-text articles were retained. A total of 28 different outcome variables were extracted. 18 of them showed positive effects within patient, family, staff and healthcare system domains. No difference was observed in patient survival and depression. Inconclusive results represented patient social support and staff satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care consult service has a number of positive effects for patients, families, staff and healthcare system. More research is needed on factors such as patient spiritual well-being, social support, performance, family understanding of patient diagnosis or staff stress.

• Klíčová slova
• clinical assessment, communication, hospital care, quality of life, service evaluation, symptoms and symptom management,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospicová a paliativní ošetřovatelská péče * MeSH
• hospitalizovaní pacienti MeSH
• konziliární vyšetření a konzultace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• paliativní péče * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is a large treatment gap for common mental disorders (CMD), with wide variation by world region. This review identifies factors associated with formal health service utilisation for CMD in the general adult population, and compares evidence from high-income countries (HIC) with that from low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Scopus in May 2016. Eligibility criteria were: published in English, in peer-reviewed journals; using population-based samples; employing standardised CMD measures; measuring use of formal health services for mental health reasons by people with CMD; testing the association between this outcome and any other factor(s). Risk of bias was assessed using the adapted Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We synthesised the results using "best fit framework synthesis", with reference to the Andersen socio-behavioural model. RESULTS: Fifty two studies met inclusion criteria. 46 (88%) were from HIC. Predisposing factors: There was evidence linking increased likelihood of service use with female gender; Caucasian ethnicity; higher education levels; and being unmarried; although this was not consistent across all studies. Need factors: There was consistent evidence of an association between service utilisation and self-evaluated health status; duration of symptoms; disability; comorbidity; and panic symptoms. Associations with symptom severity were frequently but less consistently reported. Enabling factors: The evidence did not support an association with income or rural residence. Inconsistent evidence was found for associations between unemployment or having health insurance and use of services. There was a lack of research from LMIC and on contextual level factors. CONCLUSION: In HIC, failure to seek treatment for CMD is associated with less disabling symptoms and lack of perceived need for healthcare, consistent with suggestions that "treatment gap" statistics over-estimate unmet need for care as perceived by the target population. Economic factors and urban/rural residence appear to have little effect on treatment-seeking rates. Strategies to address potential healthcare inequities for men, ethnic minorities, the young and the elderly in HIC require further evaluation. The generalisability of these findings beyond HIC is limited. Future research should examine factors associated with health service utilisation for CMD in LMIC, and the effect of health systems and neighbourhood factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: 42016046551 .

• Klíčová slova
• Andersen behavioural model, Anxiety, Barriers to care, Common mental disorders, Depression, Health service utilisation, Healthcare access, Systematic review, Treatment seeking,
• MeSH
• chudoba MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• etnicita statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví organizace a řízení   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• zaměstnanost statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

• MeSH
• chování spotřebitelů * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• státní lékařství MeSH
• zdravotnické služby normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

The article focuses on the question of reorganisation of Emergency Medical Service in Poland. First part of the paper contains a short description of a project of the Integrated Rescue System, which have been included in the National Emergency Medical Service Act enacted by Parliament in 2001. Considering to the fact, that implementation of this reform has been stopped after general elections in autumn 2001, in the second part of the paper some arguments supporting the postulate of urgent realisation of this project are discussed. The arguments refer to five spheres: epidemiological, social, political, legal and economical. The conclusions of the discussion are, that in every of those spheres negative consequences of blocking the reform may be observed. The final conclusion is, that reorganisation of ineffective Emergency Medical Service in Poland is still a challenge, which public authorities have to manage.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reforma zdravotní péče * MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

The Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is a GNSS augmentation that provides precise satellite corrections to users worldwide for free directly through Galileo's E6 signal. The HAS service provides free PPP corrections from the Galileo constellation and the Internet, with targeted real-time 95% positioning performance of better than 20 cm horizontal and 40 cm vertical error after 5 min of convergence time globally and shorter in Europe. The HAS initial service, under validation at the time of writing, provides these capabilities with a reduced performance (based on the current Galileo stations network). Live HAS test signals broadcasted from the Galileo satellites during summer 2022 have been decoded and analyzed. Corrections include Galileo and GPS orbit, clock, and code bias corrections, with SISRE of 10.6 cm and 11.8 cm for Galileo and GPS, respectively. Code bias corrections showed good performance as well, with rms of 0.28 ns, 0.26 ns, and 0.22 ns for Galileo C1C-C5Q, C1C-C7Q, and C1C-C6C, respectively, and 0.20 ns for GPS C1C-C2L. Float PPP positioning performance results show that the combined Galileo and GPS solution can already achieve the HAS full service accuracy performance target and is close in terms of convergence time, with 95% rms of 13.1 cm and 18.6 cm horizontally and vertically, respectively, in kinematic mode, and with a 95% convergence time of 7.5 min. The latter is expected to be improved with the inclusion of satellite phase bias and local atmospheric corrections. With these early Galileo HAS test signals, this preliminary analysis indicates that the HAS full service targets are attainable. Finally, a correction latency analysis is performed, showing that even with latency of up to 60 s, positioning can remain within the targeted HAS accuracy performance.

• Klíčová slova
• Galileo, High accuracy service, Precise point positioning,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of an Acute Pain Service (APS) on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). To assess the acute pain intensity as a risk factor for CPSP. The impact of an APS on the incidence of CPSP has not yet been studied. METHODS: Retrospective questionnaire given to randomized cohorts study, performed in two hospitals - Hospital A with an APS and Hospital B without such service. 1444 patients underwent eight different surgical procedures in both hospitals within one year, 175 patients from each hospital were randomized. RESULTS: 208 questionnaires were analysed. There was a significant difference in acute pain intensity in the first 24 hours after surgery. The difference of CPSP incidence between hospitals was not significant (Hospital A nine patients (8.6 %), Hospital B sixteen patients (15.5 %). The patients with CPSP experienced significantly more intensive pain in the first 24 hours and at discharge than patients without CPSP regardless of the hospital. CONCLUSION: The study did not demonstrate the incidence of CPSP was lower in the hospital with an APS despite the lower postoperative pain scores. However there was a noticeable trend toward higher incidence of CPSP in the hospital without an APS. The study demonstrated that APS decreases intensity of an acute postoperative pain and acute pain intensity is a risk factor for CPSP incidence (Tab. 5, Ref. 27).

• Klíčová slova
• acute pain service questionnaire., chronic postsurgical pain,
• MeSH
• chronická bolest epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kliniky pro terapii bolesti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• pooperační bolest epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CZECHOSLOVAKIA *, HOSPITAL PHARMACY SERVICE *,
• MeSH
• farmaceutické služby * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocniční lékárny * MeSH
• referenční standardy * MeSH
• zdravotnické služby * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined current knowledge about psychoeducation for schizophrenia in Czech Republic. METHODS: The authors sent a screening survey to 550 mental health-care facilities and administered a detailed questionnaire to 113 providers of mental health and social services and to 200 service users. The authors also carried out 14 focus groups and 16 individual interviews. RESULTS: Forty-six departments provided some type of psychoeducation for schizophrenia; of these, 16 provided family psychoeducation for patients and relatives and 1 provided psychoeducation only for relatives. Service users who received psychoeducation performed significantly better in the test of knowledge than did service users who did not receive psychoeducation. CONCLUSION: The authors propose a service user-driven curriculum based on information delivery followed by skills training. Psychiatrists should learn to explain schizophrenia relapse neurobiology to laypeople and to address relatives' frustrations.

• MeSH
• emoční inteligence MeSH
• klinické kompetence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odhad potřeb MeSH
• osoby pečující o pacienty výchova   MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychiatrie výchova   MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• schizofrenie * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví MeSH
• sociální práce psychiatrická výchova   metody   MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH