Although anthropologists frequently report the centrality of odours in the daily lives and cultural beliefs of many small-scale communities, Western scholars have historically considered the sense of smell as minimally involved in human communication. Here, we suggest that the origin and persistence of this latter view might be a consequence of the fact that most research is conducted on participants from Western societies who, collectively, were rather old (adults), deodorized and desensitized (ODD) to various aspects of olfactory perception. The view is rapidly changing, however, and this themed issue provides a timely overview of the current state-of-the-art on human chemocommunication. Based on evolutionary models of communication, the papers cover both general mechanisms of odour production by 'senders' and odour perception by 'receivers'. Focus on specific functional contexts includes reciprocal impact of odours between infants and mothers, the role of odour in mate choice and how odours communicate emotion and disease. Finally, a position paper outlines pitfalls and opportunities for the future, against the context of the replication crisis in psychology. We believe a more nuanced view of human chemical communication is within our grasp if we can continue to develop inter-disciplinary insights and expand research activities beyond ODD people. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory communication in humans'.

• Klíčová slova
• WEIRD, chemical communication, perception, pheromone, semiochemistry, smell,
• MeSH
• čichová percepce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neverbální komunikace fyziologie   MeSH
• odoranty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodní články MeSH

Narrowband power-line communication seems to be a suitable communication technology designed for off-grid renewable energy solutions. Existing electrical installations can be designed both for the transmission of electricity and for the communication of electrical equipment operating inside such an installation. This study presents an implementation of the above-mentioned off-grid communication system and examines the basic problems related to its exploitation. The authors of this article focused their attention primarily on examining the disturbance of the communication channel caused by the use of typical electrical devices, such as: a light bulb, a kettle, etc. used in a household. The aim of the research was also to find the impact of switching on individual devices and their combinations on the disturbances during data transmission. Measurements of incorrectly transmitted data packets were carried out and then the test results were referred to the error measures. Moreover, the influence of the carrier frequencies on the signal attenuation and the method of eliminating the existing interferences were also discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• microgrid, off-grid, power line communication,
• MeSH
• elektřina * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• obnovitelná energie * MeSH
• počítačové systémy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Contents 516 I. 516 II. 518 III. 518 IV. 521 V. 523 VI. 523 VII. 526 526 References 526 SUMMARY: The relevance of infochemicals in the relationships between organisms is emerging as a fundamental aspect of aquatic ecology. Exchanges of chemical cues are likely to occur not only between organisms of different species, but also between conspecific individuals. Especially intriguing is the investigation of chemical communication in microalgae, because of the relevance of these organisms for global primary production and their key role in trophic webs. Intraspecific communication between algae has been investigated mostly in relation to sexuality and mating. The literature also contains information on other types of intraspecific chemical communication that have not always been explicitly tagged as ways to communicate to conspecifics. However, the proposed role of certain compounds as intraspecific infochemicals appears questionable. In this article, we make use of this plethora of information to describe the various instances of intraspecific chemical communication between conspecific microalgae and to identify the common traits and ecological significance of intraspecific communication. We also discuss the evolutionary implications of intraspecific chemical communication and the mechanisms by which it can be inherited. A special focus is the genetic diversity among conspecific algae, including the possibility that genetic diversity is an absolute requirement for intraspecific chemical communication.

• Klíčová slova
• evolution, infochemicals, intraspecific communication, signaling, species concept,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace fyziologie   MeSH
• mikrořasy chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rozmnožování fyziologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Leadless pacemakers (LPs) can mitigate conventional pacemaker complications related to the transvenous leads and subcutaneous pocket surrounding the pulse generator. Although single-chamber leadless pacing has been established, multichamber pacing requires wireless bidirectional communication across multiple LPs to maintain synchrony. This preclinical study demonstrates the chronic performance of implant-to-implant (i2i) communication that achieves synchronous, dual-chamber pacing with 2 LPs. METHODS: The i2i communication modality employs subthreshold electrical signals conducted between implanted LPs through the blood and myocardial tissue on a beat-by-beat basis. Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted in 9 ovine subjects. The i2i transmission performance was evaluated 13 weeks after implant. RESULTS: Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted successfully and without complication in 9 ovine subjects. A total of 8715±457 right atrial-to-right ventricular and right ventricular-to-right atrial transmissions were sent per hour, with a success rate of 99.2±0.9%. Of periods with i2i communication failure when DDD pacing was not possible, 97.3±1.8% were resolved within 6 s. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, synchronized, dual-chamber pacing has been demonstrated in a chronic preclinical feasibility study by 2 leadless pacemakers using beat-to-beat, wireless communication, achieving a success rate of 99.2%.

• Klíčová slova
• communication, complications, feasibility study, pacemaker, artificial, sheep,
• MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• kardiostimulace umělá MeSH
• kardiostimulátor * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• srdeční komory MeSH
• srdeční síně MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH

Termites (Blattodea: Isoptera) have evolved specialized defensive strategies for colony protection. Alarm communication enables workers to escape threats while soldiers are recruited to the source of disturbance. Here, we study the vibroacoustic and chemical alarm communication in the wood roach Cryptocercus and in 20 termite species including seven of the nine termite families, all life-types, and all feeding and nesting habits. Our multidisciplinary approach shows that vibratory alarm signals represent an ethological synapomorphy of termites and Cryptocercus. In contrast, chemical alarms have evolved independently in several cockroach groups and at least twice in termites. Vibroacoustic alarm signaling patterns are the most complex in Neoisoptera, in which they are often combined with chemical signals. The alarm characters correlate to phylogenetic position, food type and hardness, foraging area size, and nesting habits. Overall, species of Neoisoptera have developed the most sophisticated communication system amongst termites, potentially contributing to their ecological success.

• MeSH
• etologie MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Isoptera * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• švábi * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Power line communication (PLC) is considered one of the possible communication technologies for applications in the field of smart metering, smart substations, smart homes, and recently for the management of renewable resources or micro grid control. This article deals with the use of PLC technology to determine the technical condition of the cable. This coefficient can help distribution system operators (DSO) to assess the condition of their cable routes. In this way, possible cable breakdowns and subsequent power outages can be prevented. The resulting methodology for calculating the coefficient is presented in two specific examples of routes, in which a significant benefit for DSO's can be found.

• Klíčová slova
• cable diagnostics, health cable monitoring, smart grid monitoring, technical cable coefficient,
• MeSH
• elektřina MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• počítačové systémy * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Understanding the communication dynamics between vaccine-hesitant parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) is vital for addressing parent concerns and promoting informed decision-making. This paper focuses on strategies used by HCPs to communicate with vaccine-hesitant parents. It draws on empirical evidence generated as part of the international project VAX-TRUST. More specifically, 60 hours of observations were carried out in three different pediatric practices during vaccination-related visits, and 19 physicians and nurses were interviewed. We focused on the specific context of the Czech Republic, which represents a country with a mandatory vaccination system and in which children's immunization is the responsibility of pediatric general practitioners. We demonstrate that the dynamics between parents and HCPs and their willingness to invest time in the vaccination discussion are influenced by how HCPs categorize and label parents. Furthermore, we outline some of the different strategies HCPs employ while addressing concerns regarding vaccination. We identified two different strategies HCPs use to manage the fears of vaccine-hesitant parents. The first strategy focused on the communication of risks associated with vaccination (and lack thereof). HCPs used a variety of discursive practices to familiarize the unfamiliar risks of vaccine-preventable diseases (by mobilizing representations that are part of collective memory, incorporating personal experiences to materialize the presence of risk and the confidence in the safety of vaccines and by situating risk as embedded in everyday processes and integral to the uncertainty of the global world). The second strategy involved the conscious employment of medical procedures that may contribute to reducing vaccination fears.

• Klíčová slova
• Communication, parents, qualitative research, risk communication, vaccine hesitancy,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odkládání očkování * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie   MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• vakcinace * psychologie   MeSH
• vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vztahy mezi odborníkem a rodinou MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny MeSH

AIMS: Total laryngectomy still plays an essential part in the treatment of laryngeal cancer and loss of voice is the most feared consequence of the surgery. Commonly used rehabilitation methods include esophageal voice, electrolarynx, and implantation of voice prosthesis. In this paper we focus on a new perspective of vocal rehabilitation utilizing alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) methods. METHODS AND PATIENTS: 61 consecutive patients treated by means of total laryngectomy with or w/o voice prosthesis implantation were included in the study. All were offered voice banking and personalized speech synthesis (PSS). They had to voluntarily express their willingness to participate and to prove the ability to use modern electronic communication devices. RESULTS: Of 30 patients fulfilling the study criteria, only 18 completed voice recording sufficient for voice reconstruction and synthesis. Eventually, only 7 patients started to use this AAC technology during the early postoperative period. The frequency and total usage time of the device gradually decreased. Currently, only 6 patients are active users of the technology. CONCLUSION: The influence of communication with the surrounding world on the quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy is unquestionable. The possibility of using the spoken word with the patient's personalized voice is an indisputable advantage. Such a form of voice rehabilitation should be offered to all patients who are deemed eligible.

• Klíčová slova
• augmentative communication, laryngeal cancer, quality of life, total laryngectomy, voice banking, voice rehabilitation,
• MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• laryngektomie MeSH
• larynx umělý * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu * chirurgie   MeSH
• řeč MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The subject of this case report is the application of a newly developed workflow for objective shade communication sans visual shade assessment or the use of shade guides. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Clinical complications stemming from issues relating to esthetic integration can present a burden on the restorative team, often resulting in strenuous relationships among its members. The faithful imitation of the optical appearance of dental hard tissues with direct- and indirect restorations has been at the center of interest in a great number of publications from the realm of esthetic dentistry over the past 40 years. The present report describes a new approach to objective shade communication, by transcending the role of dental photography from its purely descriptive purpose to the level of quantification, thus abandoning the use of the established shading regimes and replacing them with a patient personal shade recipe based on the CIELAB color space instead. CONCLUSIONS: Objective shade communication is possible with the eLAB system by combining numeric shade quantification with dental photography. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The eLAB system presents a viable alternative to the traditional approach to shade communication and shade matching in dentistry.

• Klíčová slova
• dental ceramics, dental photography, shade communication, shade matching,
• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• barvení protéz * MeSH
• fotografie zubní * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• zubní protéza - design MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The work is based on the following concepts: communication with patients ceases being a matter of experience learning only (the trial and error method) and should become a part of systematic training; it should not be included only into continuous education of graduated physicians but must be gradually introduced into undergraduate education as well; it is not an optional activity which may but may not be performed by physicians, but it is a specific component of their clinical competence. Today attempts to instruct medical students in communication with patients and their relatives are being made at many medical schools all over the world. Reports on such instruction are, however, scattered in various journals or in internal publications published by universities, faculties and clinics. Thus they are not available very easily. If there exist some survey works, they are mostly conceived on the national level. The objective of the study presented here is to show a comparatively comprehensive survey dealing with the medical student instruction on the international level, analyze trends in development and identify problems that have not been solved so far. The work consists of five chapters. The first one gives a short survey of current concepts in communication with patients reaching beyond the traditional training in taking medical history. Among others, the following factors are included here: explanation of both diagnostical and therapeutical methods to the patient, informing the patient about results obtained from the examination, telling him or her general conclusions and recommendations, informing patients of social associations of the disease, developing in the patients those attitudes which support their cooperation with physicians and the patient's will to live, ability to treat serious and terminal patients properly, ability to treat patients' relatives and communicate with other members of a medical team. The second chapter shows current attempts to train the medical student-patient communication in Czechoslovakia, especially at Charles University. Third chapter describes how medical students in the former USSR were instructed, especially at medical schools in Moscow. This kind of information is still difficult to be had for people from abroad. The fourth chapter is the most important. Current attempts to train medical students in communication with patients in Europe, North and South America, Asia, Africa and Australia are described there. Reference frames in which the instruction takes place (medical, educational, psychological frames) are studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

• MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• studium lékařství pregraduální * MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH