The brewing industry will amass a revenue above 500 billion euros in 2022, and the market is expected to grow annually. This industrial process is based on a slow sugar fermentation by yeast (commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Herein, we encapsulate yeast cells into a biocompatible alginate (ALG) polymer along Fe3O4 nanoparticles to produce magneto/catalytic nanostructured ALG@yeast-Fe3O4 BioBots. Yeast encapsulated in these biocompatible BioBots keeps their biological activity (growth, reproduction, and catalytic fermentation) essential for brewing. Catalytic fermentation of sugars into CO2 gas caused a continuous oscillatory motion of the BioBots in the solution. This BioBot motion is employed to enhance the beer fermentation process compared to static-free yeast cells. When the process is finished, magnetic actuation of BioBots is employed for their retrieval from the beer samples, which avoids the need of additional filtration steps. All in all, we demonstrate how an industrial process such as beer production can be benefited by miniaturized autonomous magneto/catalytic BioBots.

• Klíčová slova
• beer, biohybrid, brewing, driven, fermentation, hydrogel, magnetic, robots,
• MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• pivo * analýza   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Hybrid biological robots (biobots) prepared from living cells are at the forefront of micro-/nanomotor research due to their biocompatibility and versatility toward multiple applications. However, their precise maneuverability is essential for practical applications. Magnetotactic bacteria are hybrid biobots that produce magnetosome magnetite crystals, which are more stable than synthesized magnetite and can orient along the direction of earth's magnetic field. Herein, we used Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 (M. magneticum AMB-1) for the effective removal of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) in various aqueous solutions by naturally binding with organic matter. Precision control of M. magneticum AMB-1 was achieved by applying a magnetic field. Under a programed clockwise magnetic field, M. magneticum AMB-1 exhibit swarm behavior and move in a circular direction. Consequently, we foresee that M. magneticum AMB-1 can be applied in various environments to remove and retrieve pollutants by directional control magnetic actuation.

• Klíčová slova
• magnetic actuation, magnetotactic bacteria, micromotors, microrobots, nanorobots,
• MeSH
• Bacteria metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• dekontaminace MeSH
• Magnetospirillum * metabolismus   MeSH
• oxid železnato-železitý * MeSH
• robotika metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• oxid železnato-železitý * MeSH

Microscale self-propelled robots show great promise in the biomedical field and are the focus of many researchers. These tiny devices, which move and navigate by themselves, are typically based on inorganic microstructures that are not biodegradable and potentially toxic, often using toxic fuels or elaborate external energy sources, which limits their real-world applications. One potential solution to these issues is to go back to nature. Here, the authors use high-speed Aqua Sperm micromotors obtained from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, B. 1822) to destroy bacterial biofilm. These Aqua Sperm micromotors use water-induced dynein ATPase catalyzed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation as biocompatible fuel to trigger their fast speed and snake-like undulatory locomotion that facilitate biofilm destruction in less than one minute. This efficient biofilm destruction is due to the ultra-fast velocity as well as the head size of Aqua Sperm micromotors being similar to bacteria, which facilitates their entry to and navigation within the biofilm matrix. In addition, the authors demonstrate the real-world application of Aqua Sperm micromotors by destroying biofilms that had colonized medical and laboratory tubing. The implemented system extends the biomedical application of Aqua Sperm micromotors to include hybrid robots for fertilization or cargo tasks.

• Klíčová slova
• Aqua Sperm micromotors, active bacterial biofilms, biobots, nanorobots, spermatozoa, spermbots,
• MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• biomimetika přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• mikrotechnologie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• robotika přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• spermatocyty chemie   MeSH
• sumci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Micro/nanorobots represent a new generation of micromachines that can accomplish various tasks, such as loading and transporting specific targets or pharmaceuticals for a given application. Biohybrid robots consisting of biological cells (bacteria, sperm, and microalgae) combined with inorganic particles to control or propel their movement are of particular interest. The skeleton of these biohybrid robots can be used to load biomolecules. In this work, the authors create biohybrid robots based on tomato plants by coculturing ferromagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 ) with tomato callus cells. The tomato-based biohybrid robots (Tomato-Biobots) containing Fe3 O4 nanoparticles are driven by a transversely rotating magnetic field. In addition, biohybrid robots are used to load vitamin C, to generate clones of tomato cells. It is shown that the presence of Fe3 O4 does not affect the growth of tomato callus. This study opens a wide range of possibilities for the use of biohybrid robots@Fe3 O4 to deliver conventional agrochemicals, including fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, and allows for a gradual and sustained release of nutrients and agrochemicals, leading to precise dosing that reduces the amount of agrochemicals used. This conceptually new type of micromachine with application to plants and agronomy shall find broad use in this field.

• Klíčová slova
• micro/nanorobots, oxidative stress, plant-based biohybrid robots, tomato tissue cultures, vitamin C,
• MeSH
• agrochemikálie MeSH
• buněčné klony MeSH
• magnetické pole MeSH
• nosiče léků * MeSH
• robotika * MeSH
• rostlinné buňky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• agrochemikálie MeSH
• nosiče léků * MeSH