The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among physicians at a teaching hospital. In total, 203 men and 167 women were included in the study. The participants filled in a questionnaire; their height, weight, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and glucose levels were added. 19.2 % males and 13.8 % females were smokers, hypertension was diagnosed in 10 % of males and in 6.6 % of females, 52.2 % males and 17.4 % females were overweight, 37 % males and 43.1 % females had hypercholesterolemia. The above findings suggest that Czech physicians have more favourable values of all the studied cardiovascular diseases risk factors than the general Czech population. However, Czech physicians smoke more than those in other countries and their level of cardiovascular diseases risk factors is unsatisfactory and calls for further intensive prevention. Preliminary outcomes of the study repeated after two years show no positive trends as well as physicians' low willingness to actively participate in lowering cardiovascular diseases risk factors.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lékaři * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Roma population is one of the major ethnic groups in the Central and Eastern Europe, having high rates of chronic diseases and associated risk factors related to their poor social conditions, unhealthy lifestyle and low educational level. The purpose of our study was to assess the health status of Roma from South Bulgaria by means of blood indicators and determine the prevalence of some cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the Roma population sample. METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 Roma (23 men and 37 women), mean age 53.7 ± 15.9 years, and the control group consisted of 68 non-Roma from the majority population (29 men and 38 women), mean age 45.8 ± 12.2 years. The data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and venous blood samples analyses after an overnight fasting. RESULTS: The Roma population subjects were slightly but significantly older compared to the non-Roma group and both study groups included more women. The fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in Roma compared to the control non-Roma group. The values of cardiovascular risk markers such as TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI) were significantly higher in Roma compared to non-Roma subjects. The prevalence of obesity in Roma was 35%, diabetes mellitus was recorded in 16.7% of the entire Roma sample, and hyperglycaemia in non-diabetics was recorded in 32%. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in 90% and hypertriglyceridaemia was found in 88.3%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was high and was encountered in 71.7% of the Roma participants and most of the subjects (96.7%) reported family history of CVD. The studied population showed high smoking rates with 33.3% active smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed high prevalence of CV risk factors among Roma population, such as abnormal lipid profile parameters, obesity and heavy smoking and very high cardiovascular morbidity rate. Therefore, adequate measures and healthcare programmes aiming at the early identification, treatment and prevention of CVD risks among Roma are necessary.

• Klíčová slova
• Bulgaria, Roma population, cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidaemia, health status,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bulharsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The main goal of the study was to describe the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of a monitored group of patients with psoriasis to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and to define the cardiovascular risk profile. METHODS: One hundred and ninety outpatients aged over 18 were included in the prospective observational cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The results of laboratory testing were identified based on patient health records. RESULTS: Based on an evaluation of psoriasis phenotypes, 150 patients (78.95%) suffered from plaque psoriasis, 18 (9.5%) from palmoplantar psoriasis, 11 (5.8%) from guttate psoriasis, 6 (3.2%) from generalized pustular psoriasis, and 5 (2.6%) from erythrodermic psoriasis. The personal medical history discovered the occurrence of arterial hypertension in 83 patients (43.7%), the occurrence of depression in 49 patients (25.8%), type 2 diabetes in 29 patients (15.3%), and dyslipidaemia in 48 patients (25.3%). CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that psoriasis may be demonstrated as a multi-system disease which does not only affect the skin and its adnexa. The association of psoriasis with comorbidities may significantly increase morbidity and total mortality as well as the demands for health care provision.

• Klíčová slova
• arterial hypertension, comorbidities, depression, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, psoriasis,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psoriáza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of death. Due to the disparities in cardiovascular risk factors between rural and urban populations, this study aims to assess the differences in the prevalence of risk factors in urban and rural areas of eastern Croatia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 280 participants (140 from urban and 140 from rural areas) registered at studied general practice offices. Methods included e-health records, questionnaire, physical examination methods, and blood sampling for laboratory tests. RESULTS: The most common risk factors among participants were elevated total cholesterol (83.6%), elevated LDL cholesterol (81.8%), increased body mass index (75.0%), increased waist-hip ratio (82.9%), increased waist circumference (63.2%), and arterial hypertension (70.1%). The rural participants had a significantly higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.023), increased body mass index (p = 0.004), increased waist circumference (p = 0.004), increased waist-hip ratio (p < 0.001), and increased LDL cholesterol (p = 0.029), while the urban participants had a significantly higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the examined sample, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is generally high. Participants from rural areas are significantly more susceptible to cardiovascular risk factors than participants from urban areas.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular disease, risk factors, rural population, urban population,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in the group of medical students with gender, overweight and obesity categorisation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 364 medical students, 207 females and 157 males. We investigated anthropometric parameters, BMI, body fat percentage, WHR (waist-hip ratio), TCH (total cholesterol) and LDL-CH (LDL-cholesterol), SBP and DBP (systolic and diastolic blood pressure). The participants also completed questionnaires with socio-demographic characteristic, including smoking, unhealthy eating, self-perceived health, and physical activity status. Statistical analysis used t-test differences in arithmetic means and OR calculation with 95% CI. RESULTS: Prevalence of increased blood pressure (> SBP/DBP 120/80 mmHg) among participants was 10.99% (SBP) and 9.07% (DBP). The results confirmed risk of "overweight + obesity" in 15.38% (using BMI evaluation) versus 18.54% cases (using body fat percentage evaluation). The results of the study confirmed statistically higher risk for males compared to females in the following parameters: SBP, DBP, BMI, body fat percentage, self-perceived health, unhealthy eating and body weight watching. "Overweight and obesity" group (BMI evaluation) confirmed all factors on statistically significant level a risky group: SBP, DBP, body fat percentage, TCH, self-perceived health, smoking, stress at university, and body weight watching. The outputs confirmed, on the other hand, low amount of clinical obesity (0.8%), clinical hypertension (BP > 140/90) 1.1%, and clinically higher cholesterol level (TCH > 5.2 mmol/l) in 8.7% participants. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed higher prevalence or cardiovascular risk factors among males. Also, group of "overweight and obese" students had higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors. Border limits for risk evaluation were strong, so on clinical level we can evaluate the group of medical students as healthy. In the group of young medical students, we confirmed lower frequency of risk factors compared to the Slovak population average.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular risk factors, habit, medical, students,
• MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studenti lékařství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná konstituce fyziologie   MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension is the most common CV disease in the Czech Republic with estimated prevalence 35% among population aged 25 to 64 years. Although serious public health problem with significant medical and economic consequences the treatment of HT is currently unsatisfactory. Only 18.4% of patients with arterial HT reach goal BP. There are several factors responsible for this fact, among them low compliance of patients, low dosages of antihypertensive drugs used and low usage of the combination of antihypertensive drugs. AIM: To obtain following data from the specialists ambulances (internists and cardiologists) regarding hypertensive patients: frequency of high risk hypertensive patients and proportion of patients with hypertension in whom BP is well controlled (target BP reached). Another goal of the study was to obtain data about pharmacological treatment of hypertensive patients. METHOD: National, multicenter, non-interventional, cross sectional, representative sample, one visit study. RESULTS: Data of 19,821 patients with primary hypertension visited office-based internists and cardiologists was analysed. The average age was 64 +/- 12 years (range 19-99 years), 53% was women. The mean blood pressure of entire population was 138.5 +/- 15.1/81.7 +/- 9.1 mm Hg. There were high proportion of patients with well controlled blood pressure (BP below 140/90 mm Hg)--48% of the patients. Among those with diabetes the proportion of well controlled patients was much lower--only 11% of the patients. Regarding other cardiovascular risk factors the most common was hyperlipidaemia--66% of the patients, following by diabetes and smoking with 29 and 14% of the patients respectively. 8,444 (43%) of the patients suffered from the coronary artery diseases, 2,251 (11%) patients have experienced stroke or TIA and 1,601 (8%) patients had peripheral artery disease. Regarding antihypertensive therapy, only 21% of the population was treated by monotherapy. The most common was the combination of ACE inhibitors plus beta-blockers or triple-combination of ACE inhibitors plus diuretics plus beta-blockers.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze komplikace   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kardiologie MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci komplikace   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vnitřní lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from China, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than five milion deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated the role of risk factors in the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the progression of COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review assesses the link between COVID-19 and cardiovascular risk factors, and investigates the prognosis in the case of myocardial injury. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify relevant articles in Pubmed, MEDLINE, Elsevier, and Google Scholar the last two years using the terms: COVID-19, CVD, risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, lockdown, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Exclusion criteria were the studies associated with pediatric and pregnant COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: After screening through 3071 articles, 10 studies were included in this review that captured the findings from 3912 participants. Included studies found that preexisting CVD was linked to worse outcomes and increased risk of death in patients with COVID-19, whereas COVID-19 itself also induced myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were associated with intensive care unit admission and poor prognosis. Cardiovascular risk factors are crucial for the progression of COVID-19, and infected patients should be constantly monitored and follow strict hygiene and decrease their social interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular risk factors, Coronavirus disease pandemic, Epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, Systematic review,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases is high in the developed countries. The lifestyle changes are capable to decrease it by 50%. The aim of the present study was to measure the parameters of some risk factors before and after a one-week NEW START rehabilitative retreat. 1349 volunteers, 320 men, 1029 woman, mean age 51 +/- 14.5 (SD) years participated in 30 rehabilitative retreats from 1999-2006 in the Czech Republic, using a low-fat, low-energy, lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet and exercise, in a stress-free environment. Body weight, height, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, serum cholesterol and blood glucose were measured. Body weight decreased in 1223 measured persons from 71.2 +/- 14.38 (SD) to 70.6 +/- 14.02 kg (p<0.0001), BMI (1,046 measured persons) from 25.1 +/- 4.60 (SD) to 24.8+4.49 (SD) kg/m2 (p<0.0001), systolic blood pressure (1,218 persons) from 129.8 +/- 23.02 (SD) to 123.8 +/- 21.52 (SD) mmHg (p<0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (1210 persons) from 79.8 +/- 12.7 (SD) to 77.5 +/- 11.6 (SD) mmHg (p<0.0001), serum cholesterol (998 persons) from 4.86 +/- 0.95 (SD) to 4.32 +/- 0.77 (SD) mmol (p<0.0001), blood glucose (544 persons) from 4.31 +/- 1.59 (SD) to 3.88 +/- 1.33 (SD) mmol (p<0.0001). Heart rate was not significantly decreased. The parameters were lower in lacto-ovo vegetarians and Seventh-day Adventists than in controls who never observed the diet and avail the lifestyle programs. The parameters were nonsignificantly changed one year after finishing the retreat in the sample of 68 persons showing the positive effect of retreats. Our results showed, that the intake of a low-fat, low-energy diet, over the course of one week in a stress-free environment, had positive impact on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární rehabilitace MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lázně MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protestantismus * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické výstavy MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

Cardiovascular disease, while rare in women of reproductive age, is the main cause of mortality in menopause. The purpose of our study was to determine the association of natural menopause with cardiovascular risk factors, including their clustering into metabolic syndrome (MS). A random 5 % representative population sample of women aged 45-54 years was examined. In 575 women, we were able to determine their natural reproductive aging status. Multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the association between age, menopausal status, and risk factors under study. After adjustment for age, there was an increase in the odds ratio of developing MS, as defined by NCEP (OR=2.0; 95 % CI [1.1; 3.7]), and an increase in plasma lipid ratios (total cholesterol/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1; p<0.05 for all) in postmenopausal women. Age, but not menopausal status, was associated with some single components of MS; only waist circumference significantly increased after menopause, independently of age. Clustering of risk factors in MS and lipid ratios (combined factors) was strongly associated with menopause whereas worsening of single components of MS was strongly associated with age. In conclusion, based on our results, the menopause may pose a risk to women through clustering of cardiovascular risk factors beyond simple aging.

• MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom metabolismus   MeSH
• postmenopauza krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP) reflects the age-related stiffening of the central arteries, but no study addressed the management of the PP-related risk over the human lifespan. METHODS: In 4,663 young (18-49 years) and 7,185 older adults (≥50 years), brachial PP was recorded over 24 hours. Total mortality and all major cardiovascular events (MACEs) combined were coprimary endpoints. Cardiovascular death, coronary events, and stroke were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: In young adults (median follow-up, 14.1 years; mean PP, 45.1 mm Hg), greater PP was not associated with absolute risk; the endpoint rates were ≤2.01 per 1,000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratios expressed per 10-mm Hg PP increments were less than unity (P ≤ 0.027) for MACE (0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.96) and cardiovascular death (0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.75). In older adults (median follow-up, 13.1 years; mean PP, 52.7 mm Hg), the endpoint rates, expressing absolute risk, ranged from 22.5 to 45.4 per 1,000 person-years and the adjusted hazard ratios, reflecting relative risk, from 1.09 to 1.54 (P < 0.0001). The PP-related relative risks of death, MACE, and stroke decreased >3-fold from age 55 to 75 years, whereas absolute risk rose by a factor 3. CONCLUSIONS: From 50 years onwards, the PP-related relative risk decreases, whereas absolute risk increases. From a lifecourse perspective, young adulthood provides a window of opportunity to manage risk factors and prevent target organ damage as forerunner of premature death and MACE. In older adults, treatment should address absolute risk, thereby extending life in years and quality.

• Klíčová slova
• arterial stiffness, blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, mortality, population science, pulse pressure,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH