comparative research Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
There is a vast and ever-accumulating amount of behavioural data on individually recognised animals, an incredible resource to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in animal behaviour. Yet, the full potential of such data lies in comparative research across taxa with distinct life histories and ecologies. Substantial challenges impede systematic comparisons, one of which is the lack of persistent, accessible and standardised databases. Big-team approaches to building standardised databases offer a solution to facilitating reliable cross-species comparisons. By sharing both data and expertise among researchers, these approaches ensure that valuable data, which might otherwise go unused, become easier to discover, repurpose and synthesise. Additionally, such large-scale collaborations promote a culture of sharing within the research community, incentivising researchers to contribute their data by ensuring their interests are considered through clear sharing guidelines. Active communication with the data contributors during the standardisation process also helps avoid misinterpretation of the data, ultimately improving the reliability of comparative databases. Here, we introduce MacaqueNet, a global collaboration of over 100 researchers (https://macaquenet.github.io/) aimed at unlocking the wealth of cross-species data for research on macaque social behaviour. The MacaqueNet database encompasses data from 1981 to the present on 61 populations across 14 species and is the first publicly searchable and standardised database on affiliative and agonistic animal social behaviour. We describe the establishment of MacaqueNet, from the steps we took to start a large-scale collective, to the creation of a cross-species collaborative database and the implementation of data entry and retrieval protocols. We share MacaqueNet's component resources: an R package for data standardisation, website code, the relational database structure, a glossary and data sharing terms of use. With all these components openly accessible, MacaqueNet can act as a fully replicable template for future endeavours establishing large-scale collaborative comparative databases.
- Klíčová slova
- Macaca, comparative research, data sharing, database, primates, repository, social networks, team science,
- MeSH
- behaviorální výzkum * metody MeSH
- chování zvířat MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- Macaca fyziologie MeSH
- sociální chování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Only very few immunological publications are based on investigations using non-mammalian vertebrates as experimental animals. Nevertheless, some important immunological problems, such as dichotomy of T and B lymphocytes or immune tolerance, were first discovered or even solved using such species. The usefulness of comparative investigations with species of different vertebrate classes is shown, referring to our own investigations of organ transplantations in the 1950s and of the regulation of the IgM antibody response in the last years.
- MeSH
- afinita protilátek MeSH
- Ambystomatidae imunologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- imunoglobulin G biosyntéza imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin M biosyntéza imunologie MeSH
- imunologická tolerance MeSH
- kapři imunologie MeSH
- obratlovci imunologie MeSH
- Salamandridae imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- transplantace heterologní MeSH
- transplantační imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- imunoglobulin M MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- AMPHIBIA *, BIRDS *, CORNEA *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, FISHES *, HISTOLOGY, COMPARATIVE *, MAMMALS *, REPTILES *,
- MeSH
- histologie srovnávací * MeSH
- obojživelníci * MeSH
- plazi * MeSH
- ptáci * MeSH
- rohovka * MeSH
- ryby * MeSH
- savci * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- ABDOMEN *, ANATOMY *, ANATOMY, COMPARATIVE *, BIRDS *, BLOOD VESSELS *, CELIAC ARTERY *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, PORTAL VEIN *,
- MeSH
- anatomie srovnávací * MeSH
- anatomie * MeSH
- arteria coeliaca * MeSH
- břicho * MeSH
- břišní dutina * MeSH
- cévy * MeSH
- ptáci * MeSH
- trup * MeSH
- vena portae * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs) are sub-groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that have been commercialized since the 1970s, particularly as defoamers in pesticide formulations and wetting agents in consumer products. Recently, C4/C4 PFPiA and its derivatives have been presented as alternatives to long-chain PFASs in certain applications. In this study, we systematically assess the publicly available information on the hazardous properties, occurrence, and exposure routes of PFPAs and PFPiAs, and make comparisons to the corresponding properties of their better-known carboxylic and sulfonic acid analogs (i.e. PFCAs and PFSAs). This comparative assessment indicates that [i] PFPAs likely have high persistence and long-range transport potential; [ii] PFPiAs may transform to PFPAs (and possibly PFCAs) in the environment and biota; [iii] certain PFPAs and PFPiAs can only be slowly eliminated from rainbow trout and rats, similarly to long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs; [iv] PFPAs and PFPiAs have modes-of-action that are both similar to, and different from, those of PFCAs and PFSAs; and [v] the measured levels of PFPAs/PFPiAs in the global environment and biota appear to be low in comparison to PFCAs and PFSAs, suggesting, for the time being, low risks from PFPAs and PFPiAs alone. Although risks from individual PFPAs/PFPiAs are currently low, their ongoing production and use and high persistence will lead to increasing exposure and risks over time. Furthermore, simultaneous exposure to PFPAs, PFPiAs and other PFASs may result in additive effects necessitating cumulative risk assessments. To facilitate effective future research, we highlight possible strategies to overcome sampling and analytical challenges.
- Klíčová slova
- Environmental fate and transport, Environmental occurrence, Exposure routes, Life-cycle, PBT assessment, PFPAs and PFPiAs, Sampling and analytical challenges,
- MeSH
- ekotoxikologie MeSH
- fluorokarbony analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kyseliny fosfinové analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- kyseliny fosforité analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- nebezpečné látky analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorokarbony MeSH
- kyseliny fosfinové MeSH
- kyseliny fosforité MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- nebezpečné látky MeSH
- phosphonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- Klíčová slova
- ANATOMY, COMPARATIVE *, CATTLE *, EMBRYO *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *,
- MeSH
- anatomie srovnávací * MeSH
- embryo nesavčí * MeSH
- embryo savčí * MeSH
- skot MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zápěstí * MeSH
- zápěstní kloub * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cancer research is a crucial pillar for countries to deliver more affordable, higher quality, and more equitable cancer care. Patients treated in research-active hospitals have better outcomes than patients who are not treated in these settings. However, cancer in Europe is at a crossroads. Cancer was already a leading cause of premature death before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the disastrous effects of the pandemic on early diagnosis and treatment will probably set back cancer outcomes in Europe by almost a decade. Recognising the pivotal importance of research not just to mitigate the pandemic today, but to build better European cancer services and systems for patients tomorrow, the Lancet Oncology European Groundshot Commission on cancer research brings together a wide range of experts, together with detailed new data on cancer research activity across Europe during the past 12 years. We have deployed this knowledge to help inform Europe's Beating Cancer Plan and the EU Cancer Mission, and to set out an evidence-driven, patient-centred cancer research roadmap for Europe. The high-resolution cancer research data we have generated show current activities, captured through different metrics, including by region, disease burden, research domain, and effect on outcomes. We have also included granular data on research collaboration, gender of researchers, and research funding. The inclusion of granular data has facilitated the identification of areas that are perhaps overemphasised in current cancer research in Europe, while also highlighting domains that are underserved. Our detailed data emphasise the need for more information-driven and data-driven cancer research strategies and planning going forward. A particular focus must be on central and eastern Europe, because our findings emphasise the widening gap in cancer research activity, and capacity and outcomes, compared with the rest of Europe. Citizens and patients, no matter where they are, must benefit from advances in cancer research. This Commission also highlights that the narrow focus on discovery science and biopharmaceutical research in Europe needs to be widened to include such areas as prevention and early diagnosis; treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and surgery; and a larger concentration on developing a research and innovation strategy for the 20 million Europeans living beyond a cancer diagnosis. Our data highlight the important role of comprehensive cancer centres in driving the European cancer research agenda. Crucial to a functioning cancer research strategy and its translation into patient benefit is the need for a greater emphasis on health policy and systems research, including implementation science, so that the innovative technological outputs from cancer research have a clear pathway to delivery. This European cancer research Commission has identified 12 key recommendations within a call to action to reimagine cancer research and its implementation in Europe. We hope this call to action will help to achieve our ambitious 70:35 target: 70% average 10-year survival for all European cancer patients by 2035.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- výzkum zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
Taxonomic and functional research of microorganisms has increasingly relied upon genome-based data and methods. As the depository of the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) 10K prokaryotic type strain sequencing project, Global Catalogue of Type Strain (gcType) has published 1049 type strain genomes sequenced by the GCM 10K project which are preserved in global culture collections with a valid published status. Additionally, the information provided through gcType includes >12 000 publicly available type strain genome sequences from GenBank incorporated using quality control criteria and standard data annotation pipelines to form a high-quality reference database. This database integrates type strain sequences with their phenotypic information to facilitate phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Multiple formats of cross-genome searches and interactive interfaces have allowed extensive exploration of the database's resources. In this study, we describe web-based data analysis pipelines for genomic analyses and genome-based taxonomy, which could serve as a one-stop platform for the identification of prokaryotic species. The number of type strain genomes that are published will continue to increase as the GCM 10K project increases its collaboration with culture collections worldwide. Data of this project is shared with the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. Access to gcType is free at http://gctype.wdcm.org/.
- Klíčová slova
- ABDOMEN *, ANATOMY *, BIRDS *, BLOOD VESSELS *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, STOMACH *,
- MeSH
- anatomie srovnávací * MeSH
- anatomie * MeSH
- břicho * MeSH
- břišní dutina * MeSH
- cévy * MeSH
- ptáci * MeSH
- trup * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- žaludek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bacillus species as fungal antagonistic agents have been widely used in the agriculture and considered as safe products for the management of plant pathogens. In this study, we reported the whole genome sequence of strain LJBV19 isolated from grapevine rhizosphere soil. Strain LJBV19 was identified as Bacillus velezensis through morphological, physicochemical, molecular analysis and genome comparison. Bacillus velezensis LJBV19 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Magnaporthe oryzae with an inhibition ratio up to 75.55% and showed broad spectrum of activity against fungal phytopathogens. The 3,973,013-bp circular chromosome with an average GC content of 46.5% consisted of 3993 open reading frames (ORFs), and 3308 ORFs were classified into 19 cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) categories. Genes related to cell wall degrading enzymes were predicted by Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZy) database and validated at the metabolic level, producing 0.53 ± 0.00 U/mL cellulose, 0.14 ± 0.01 U/mL chitinase, and 0.11 ± 0.01 U/mL chitosanase. Genome comparison confirmed the taxonomic position of LJBV19, conserved genomic structure, and genetic homogeneity. Moreover, 13 gene clusters for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in LJBV19 genome were identified and two unique clusters (clusters 2 and 12) shown to direct an unknown compound were only present in strain LJBV19. In general, our results will provide insights into the antifungal mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis LJBV19 and further application of the strain.
- Klíčová slova
- Bacillus velezensis, Comparative genomics, Fungal antagonistic, Genome sequencing, Secondary metabolites,
- MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie MeSH
- Bacillus * MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifungální látky MeSH
