Eighty-eight rabbits weaned at the age of 35 days were divided into four groups. Rabbits of the first two groups were fed a granulated feed, free of antimicrobials. Rabbits of the 3rd and the 4th groups were fed the same diet, supplemented with caprylic acid at 5 g/kg, and with triacylglycerols (TAG) of caprylic and capric acid at 10 g/kg, respectively. Rabbits of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were challenged orally with 10(9) cells of Escherichia coli of the O103 serogroup. Numbers of coliform bacteria in faeces of non-infected rabbits averaged 4.66 log(10)cfu/g. Six days after inoculation, caprylic acid and TAG of caprylic and capric acid decreased faecal output of coliforms from 10.18+/-0.62 to 7.79+/-0.48 log(10)cfu/g and 8.04+/-0.50 log(10)cfu/g, respectively. In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups 15, 11 and 9 infected rabbits died, respectively. However, the differences in mortality rate were not statistically significant. Surviving rabbits were slaughtered at 53 days of age. In caecal contents of infected rabbits, numbers of coliform bacteria were significantly reduced from 8.71 log(10)cfu/g to 5.55-5.83 log(10)cfu/g in treated groups. It can be concluded that both antimicrobial lipids are active against coliform bacteria, and may improve the resistance of weaned rabbits to enterocolitis.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• cékum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• enterokolitida mortalita   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• enteropatogenní Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mortalita   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• kapryláty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• králíci * MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií veterinární   MeSH
• triglyceridy farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kapryláty MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• triglyceridy MeSH

Free medium-chain fatty acids in beer originate from raw materials, mainly from the fermentation activity of yeasts, and can influence beer taste, vitality of yeasts and also the foam stability of beer. This study presents the development of the method for the determination of free fatty medium-chain acids including caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid and lauric acid in beer or wort using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The combination of this extraction technique with solvent back extraction of the extracted analytes and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detection was used for the determination of these compounds. The influences of different solvent back solutions, sampling time, solvent back extraction times and different contents of ethanol were studied. The method had high repeatability (RSD <6.7%), good linearity (the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9963 for quadratic curves over the concentration range 0.5-8.0mg/l) and recoveries 57-89%.

• MeSH
• chemická frakcionace metody   MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• kapronáty analýza   MeSH
• kapryláty analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny laurové analýza   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• pivo analýza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kapronáty MeSH
• kapryláty MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• kyseliny laurové MeSH
• lauric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• rozpouštědla MeSH

Protocells are objects that mimic one or several functions of biological cells and may be embodied as solid particles, lipid vesicles, or droplets. Our work is based on using decanol droplets in an aqueous solution of sodium decanoate in the presence of salt. A decanol droplet under such conditions bears many qualitative similarities with living cells, such as the ability to move chemotactically, divide and fuse, or change its shape. This article focuses on the description of a shape-changing process induced by the evaporation of water from the decanoate solution. Under these conditions, the droplets perform complex shape changes, whereby the originally round decanol droplets grow into branching patterns and mimic the growth of appendages in bacteria or axon growth of neuronal cells. We report two outcomes: (i) the morphological changes are reversible, and (ii) multiple protocells avoid contact between each other during the morphological transformation. The importance of these morphological changes in the context of artificial life are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Artificial cell, appendages, droplet, protocell, shape,
• MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové chemie   MeSH
• lipidová tělíska chemie   MeSH
• mastné alkoholy chemie   MeSH
• syntetická biologie MeSH
• umělé buňky chemie   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• mastné alkoholy MeSH
• n-decyl alcohol MeSH Prohlížeč
• voda MeSH

In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with their outstanding solubilization properties have emerged as strong candidates for oral enabling formulations of poorly soluble drugs. This study explores the use of drug-based therapeutic DESs (THEDESs) to solubilize a poorly soluble compound with the aim of providing a fixed-dose combination of two complementary therapeutic agents. Specifically, potential anticancer effects of ibuprofen (IBU) are harnessed in a novel type of THEDES to dissolve higher amounts of abiraterone acetate (AbAc), an antitumor agent. Four IBU-based combinations were studied: 1:4 M ratio with octanoic acid (OctA), 1:5 with nonanoic acid (NonA), 1:3 with decanoic acid (DeA) or 1:2 with dodecanoic acid (DoA). Fatty acids of different chain lengths were analyzed and discussed considering surface charge densities obtained via quantum chemistry. The THEDESs listed could apparently dissolve AbAc amounts up to 1311.0 ± 125.4 mg/g in IBU:OctA THEDES, 1151.7 ± 22.2 mg/g in IBU:NonA, 1160.4 ± 33.5 mg/g in IBU:DeA, and 231.3 ± 10.7 mg/g in IBU:DoA. In vitro dissolution of the simultaneously released drugs reached 37.8 ± 9.0 % to 64.2 ± 1.0 % for IBU and 5.0 ± 3.3 % to 19.4 ± 0.1 % for AbAc. This increased to between 60.4 ± 2.8 % and 79.4 ± 5.0 % of released IBU, and 23.6 ± 1.0 % to 57.3 ± 5.8 % of released AbAc, with 20 % (w/w) Tween 80 added to the formulations. This showed the significant potential of drug-containing THEDESs as solubilizing agents for poorly soluble drugs, in the form of fixed-dose combinations of synergistic APIs.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer treatment(s), Deep eutectic solvent(s), Enabling formulation(s), Eutectic mixture(s), Novel pharmaceutic(s), Therapeutic deep eutectic solvent(s),
• MeSH
• abirateron * chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• ibuprofen * chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kapryláty chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny laurové chemie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• rozpouštědla * chemie   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• abirateron * MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• ibuprofen * MeSH
• kapryláty MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• kyseliny laurové MeSH
• lauric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• rozpouštědla * MeSH

The chemotactic movement of decanol droplets in aqueous solutions of sodium decanoate in response to concentration gradients of NaCl has been investigated. Key parameters of the chemotactic response, namely the induction time and the migration velocity, have been evaluated as a function of the sodium decanoate concentration and the NaCl concentration gradient. The ability of the decanol droplets to migrate in concentration gradients has been demonstrated not only in a linear chemotactic assay but also in a topologically complex environment. Additionally, the ability to reverse the direction of movement repeatedly, to carry and release a chemically reactive cargo, to select a stronger concentration gradient from two options, and to initiate chemotaxis by an external temperature stimulus have been demonstrated.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chlorid sodný chemie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové chemie   MeSH
• mastné alkoholy chemie   MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• pohyb těles MeSH
• povrchové napětí MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• mastné alkoholy MeSH
• n-decyl alcohol MeSH Prohlížeč

The antimicrobial activity of C2-C18 fatty acids was determined in vitro in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli grown on glucose. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as IC50 (a concentration at which only 50% of the initial glucose in the cultures was utilized). Utilization of glucose was inhibited by caprylic acid (IC50 0.30-0.85 g/L) and capric acid (IC50 1.25-2.03 g/L). Neither short-chain fatty acids (C2-C6) nor fatty acids with longer chain (C12-C18) influenced substrate utilization. Caproic acid, however, decreased cell yield in cultures of E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. No inhibition of glucose utilization was produced with unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic. Calcium ions added in excess reversed the antimicrobial effect of capric acid, but not that of caprylic acid. Antimicrobial activity of caprylic and capric acid decreased when the bacteria were grown in the presence of straw particles, or repeatedly subcultured in a medium containing these compounds at low concentrations. Counts of viable bacteria determined by plating decreased after incubation with caprylic and capric acid (30 min; 1 g/L) at pH 5.2 from > 10(9) to approximately 10(2)/mL. A reduction of a mere 0.94-1.96 log10 CFU was observed at pH 6.5-6.6. It can be concluded that caprylic acid, and to a lesser extent also capric acid, has a significant antimicrobial activity toward E. coli. Effects of other fatty acids were not significant or absent.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kapryláty farmakologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové farmakologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vápník farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kapryláty MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• vápník MeSH

Different dairy-like fat fractions were added to raw skim milk in order to determine their effect on lipase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens growing on raw milk at 7 degrees C. Supplementation with preparations of fat globule membranes, mixtures of capric acid, glycerol monocaprinate, and glycerol dicaprinate, cholesterol, or lecithin at concentrations similar to those occurring in whole milk had only slight effects on lipase production, whereas supplementation with 0.9% glycerol trioleate decreased lipase activity in milk by 90%.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• butyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• chemická deprese MeSH
• cholesterol farmakologie   MeSH
• diglyceridy farmakologie   MeSH
• enzymová indukce účinky léků   MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny farmakologie   MeSH
• glyceridy farmakologie   MeSH
• glykolipidy farmakologie   MeSH
• glykoproteiny farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina máselná MeSH
• kyselina olejová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové farmakologie   MeSH
• lipasa biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• lipidová tělíska MeSH
• lipidy farmakologie   MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• Pseudomonas fluorescens účinky léků   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1,3-didecanoylglycerol MeSH Prohlížeč
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• butyráty MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• diglyceridy MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny MeSH
• glyceridy MeSH
• glykolipidy MeSH
• glykoproteiny MeSH
• kyselina máselná MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• lipasa MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• milk fat globule MeSH Prohlížeč
• rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate MeSH Prohlížeč

The authors described the effect of premature weaning on the fatty acid spectrum in the retroperintoneal fat of female rats during ontogenesis. Premature weaning reduced the lower fatty acid content [decanoic acid C 10:0, lauric acid C 12:0, myristic acid C 14:0] in 30- to 90-day-old rats, but in further development no differences between the amount of these fatty acids were observed in suckled and prematurely weaned animals. These changes concurred with the fatty acid composition of the relevant diet (rat milk and a standard laboratory diet). Changes induced in the amount of other acids by premature weaning were not permanent in character, with the exception of stearic acid C 18:0 and linoleic acid C 18:3, which were raised at 720 days in the retroperitoneal fat of prematurely weaned rats. The amount of lower saturated fatty acids fell with advancing age, whereas oleic C 18:1, linolic C 18:2 and linolenic C 18:3 acid rose.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• mléko analýza   MeSH
• odstavení * MeSH
• tuková tkáň analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mastné kyseliny MeSH

The effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on aflatoxin production was studied in a synthetic medium. The aflatoxin production decreased (10-75%) in the presence of lauric acid and palmitic acid but the addition of behenic and sebacic acid stimulated aflatoxin production by 125-541%. Linolenic and linoleic acids effected aflatoxin production and mycelium growth. An 34-fold increase in aflatoxin production was observed with 50 mM linoleic acid. An inverse relationship was observed between aflatoxin production and mycelium mass, irrespective of the nature of the fatty acid.

• MeSH
• aflatoxiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• Aspergillus růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny dikarboxylové * MeSH
• kyseliny laurové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny linolenové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny linolové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny myristové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny olejové farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny palmitové farmakologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aflatoxiny MeSH
• behenic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• kyseliny dikarboxylové * MeSH
• kyseliny laurové MeSH
• kyseliny linolenové MeSH
• kyseliny linolové MeSH
• kyseliny myristové MeSH
• kyseliny olejové MeSH
• kyseliny palmitové MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
• sebacic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Very long chain fatty acids (FAs) are important components of different classes of lipids in all organisms from bacteria to man. They include also, usually as minor components, odd-numbered FAs. These have so far been given little attention because of technical difficulties inherent in their detection and identification. Current modern analytical methods such as GC-MS and/or LC-MS make this detection and identification possible, and should promote a study of their properties. This review brings, in a concise manner, most of the currently available information about these FAs, their occurrence in different organisms, their structure and other properties. It should provide an impetus for further research into these very interesting compounds whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties are poorly known.

• MeSH
• Bacteria chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kvasinky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody   MeSH
• rostliny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hexacosanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• lignoceric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH