Remote work from coworking spaces developed as an alternative to remote work from home, aiming to retain its benefits while overcoming its costs. There are reasons to question whether work from coworking spaces delivers on these aims, however. The current study uses the Experience Sampling Method to explore within-participant differences in well-being, work engagement, and productivity among remote workers, depending on (1) whether they are working from home or from a community-based coworking space, and - when working from a coworking space - (2) whether they work in a shared space and (3) whether the work is collaborative. Results suggest that coworking promotes higher outcomes on all measures relative to working from home. Within the coworking space, the impact of other people in the room and of collaboration is mixed, suggesting distinct strategies for how to best use a coworking space depending on the activity.

This study applied Experience Sampling Method to the study of work in coworking spaces. It shows that work from a coworking space as an alternative to home-based work promotes greater well-being, productivity, and work engagement. The value of a coworking space seems to be in providing flexible access to diverse work environments and enabling live collaboration with other coworking space users.

• Klíčová slova
• Coworking, Experience Sampling Method, performance, remote work, well-being,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Early prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) has become possible after the identification of linked DNA markers on chromosome 7. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) has made possible the first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of CF. We report our experience of 336 pregnant women between 8-12th week. Six different types of sampling devices have been used to get chorionic tissue. Our results proved that the quantity and the quality of the sample gained was the same irrespective of the method employed in obtaining them.

• MeSH
• cystická fibróza diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr choriových klků MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH

BACKGROUND: Many theoretical frameworks have been used in order to understand health behaviors such as physical activity, sufficient sleep, healthy eating habits, etc. In most research studies, determinants within these frameworks are assessed only once and thus are considered as stable over time, which leads to rather 'static' health behavior change interventions. However, in real-life, individual-level determinants probably vary over time (within days and from day to day), but currently, not much is known about these time-dependent fluctuations in determinants. In order to personalize health behavior change interventions in a more dynamic manner, such information is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the time-dependent variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy in older adults (65+) using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). METHODS: Observational data were collected in 64 healthy older adults (56.3% men; mean age 72.1 ± 5.6 years) using EMA. Participants answered questions regarding emotions (i.e., cheerfulness, relaxation, enthusiasm, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down), physical complaints (i.e., fatigue, pain, dizziness, stiffness, shortness of breath), intention, and self-efficacy six times a day for seven consecutive days using a smartphone-based questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the fluctuations of individual determinants within subjects and over days. RESULTS: A low variability is present for the negative emotions (i.e., insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down) and physical complaints of dizziness and shortness of breath. The majority of the variance for relaxation, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down, fatigue, dizziness, intention, and self-efficacy is explained by the within subjects and within days variance (42.9% to 65.8%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed within the same subject and within the same day. The between subjects variance explained the majority of the variance for cheerfulness, enthusiasm, pain, stiffness, and shortness of breath (50.2% to 67.3%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed between different subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that multiple individual-level determinants are time-dependent, and are better considered as 'dynamic' or unstable behavior determinants. This study provides us with important insights concerning the development of dynamic health behavior change interventions, anticipating real-time dynamics of determinants instead of considering determinants as stable within individuals.

• Klíčová slova
• COM-B framework, Determinants, EMA, Elderly, Time-dependent variations,
• MeSH
• bolest MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okamžité posouzení v přirozeném prostředí * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úmysl * MeSH
• únava diagnóza   MeSH
• závrať MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: To design effective tailored interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among older adults, insights are needed into the contexts in which older adults engage in PA and their affective and physical experiences. Sensor-triggered event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative method for capturing real-life contexts, as well as affective and physical states, during or immediately after specific events, such as PA. This study aimed to (1) describe the physical and social contexts, and the affective and physical states during PA among older adults, (2) evaluate how these constructs fluctuate during PA episodes, and (3) describe affective states during PA according to the context. METHODS: An intensive longitudinal sensor-triggered event-based EMA study was conducted with 92 Belgian older adults (65 + years). During seven days, participants were monitored using a Fitbit, which triggered a smartphone-based questionnaire on the event-based EMA platform 'HealthReact' after a five-minute walk. Participants reported on contexts and affective (positive/negative valence) and physical states (pain and fatigue) during the PA event. Descriptive statistics and generalized mixed models were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Older adults predominantly engaged in daily physical activities, such as walking for transport, leisure walking, and gardening, rather than structured exercise. They consistently reported high positive affect, low negative affect, and minimal physical complaints during PA. Furthermore, older adults mainly engage in physical activities alone, particularly in outdoor settings. Variations in contexts, affect, and fatigue were mostly driven by within-subject differences. The model showed significant differences across times of day, with negative affect being highest in the evening and fatigue lowest in the morning. Additionally, the physical and social context influenced negative affect (but not positive affect), with outdoor activities performed alone and indoor activities performed with others being associated with lower negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: While these findings could enhance the effectiveness of tailored PA interventions, it remains unclear whether the observed affective and physical states are causes or effects of PA, and whether the contexts in which the activities were performed align with older adults' preferences. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and to better understand older adults' preferred PA contexts.

• Klíčová slova
• Affect, Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), Older adults, Physical activity, Physical and social context, Sensor-triggered event-based experience sampling,
• MeSH
• afekt * MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• cvičení * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• okamžité posouzení v přirozeném prostředí * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• únava MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Belgie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The optimal moment to deliver digital prompts for reducing sedentary behavior (SB) is when individuals are susceptible to prolonged SB (vulnerability) and open to behavior change (opportunity). This study aims to examine both vulnerability and opportunity. METHODS: A 14-day ecological momentary assessment study was conducted with 105 older adults. Participants wore a Fitbit activity tracker and an ActivPAL accelerometer and used a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment app. Sensor-triggered questionnaires were delivered via the app after 30 minutes of SB to capture participants' activity, physical, social, and temporal contexts; feelings of pain and fatigue; and willingness to interrupt SB. Descriptive statistics identified states of vulnerability, whereas linear mixed models examined when participants are willing to interrupt prolonged SB, shedding light on states of opportunity. RESULTS: Ecological momentary assessment data (n = 2580) showed that older adults were most vulnerable to prolonged SB while watching TV (36.3%) and using digital devices (14.7%). Prolonged SB predominantly occurred at home (91.2%), in the evening (46.4%), when feeling fatigue (52.2%), and when experiencing mild pain (21.1%). The willingness to interrupt SB varied by activity, physical and social context, perceived pain, and level of fatigue, but not by time of day. Specifically, participants were more willing to interrupt their SB when engaging in mentally active SB and when indoors, alone, or with close relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual factors significantly influence older adults' vulnerability to prolonged SB and their willingness to interrupt it. This empirical information can guide the design of just-in-time adaptive interventions that deliver strategically timed prompts to reduce prolonged SB in older adults.

• Klíčová slova
• elderly, experience sampling, just-in-time adaptive intervention, sitting,
• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• chytrý telefon MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• fitness náramky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mobilní aplikace MeSH
• okamžité posouzení v přirozeném prostředí * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is increasingly used to gather intensive, longitudinal data on behavioral nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behavior and their underlying determinants. However, a relevant concern is the risk of non-random non-compliance with mobile EMA protocols, especially in older adults. This study aimed to examine older adults' compliance with mobile EMA in health behavior studies according to participant characteristics, and prompt timing, and to provide recommendations for future EMA research. METHODS: Data of four intensive longitudinal observational studies employing mobile EMA to understand health behavior, involving 271 community-dwelling older adults (M = 71.8 years, SD = 6.8; 52% female) in Flanders, were pooled. EMA questionnaires were prompted by a smartphone application during specific time slots or events. Data on compliance (i.e. information whether a participant answered at least one item following the prompt), time slot (morning, afternoon or evening) and day (week or weekend day) of each prompt were extracted from the EMA applications. Participant characteristics, including demographics, body mass index, and smartphone ownership, were collected via self-report. Descriptive statistics of compliance were computed, and logistic mixed models were run to examine inter- and intrapersonal variability in compliance. RESULTS: EMA compliance averaged 77.5%, varying from 70.0 to 86.1% across studies. Compliance differed among subgroups and throughout the day. Age was associated with lower compliance (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.93-0.99), while marital/cohabiting status and smartphone ownership were associated with higher compliance (OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.21-2.77, and OR = 4.43, 95%CI = 2.22-8.83, respectively). Compliance was lower in the evening than in the morning (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.69-0.97), indicating non-random patterns that could impact study validity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study shed light on the complexities surrounding compliance with mobile EMA protocols among older adults in health behavior studies. Our analysis revealed that non-compliance within our pooled dataset was not completely random. This non-randomness could introduce bias into study findings, potentially compromising the validity of research findings. To address these challenges, we recommend adopting tailored approaches that take into account individual characteristics and temporal dynamics. Additionally, the utilization of Directed Acyclic Graphs, and advanced statistical techniques can help mitigate the impact of non-compliance on study validity.

• Klíčová slova
• Compliance, Ecological momentary assessment, Experience sampling, Non-response,
• MeSH
• adherence pacienta * MeSH
• chytrý telefon MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mobilní aplikace MeSH
• okamžité posouzení v přirozeném prostředí * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Sampling the distribution of bosons that have undergone a random unitary evolution is strongly believed to be a computationally hard problem. Key to outperforming classical simulations of this task is to increase both the number of input photons and the size of the network. We propose driven boson sampling, in which photons are input within the network itself, as a means to approach this goal. We show that the mean number of photons entering a boson sampling experiment can exceed one photon per input mode, while maintaining the required complexity, potentially leading to less stringent requirements on the input states for such experiments. When using heralded single-photon sources based on parametric down-conversion, this approach offers an ∼e-fold enhancement in the input state generation rate over scattershot boson sampling, reaching the scaling limit for such sources. This approach also offers a dramatic increase in the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to higher-order photon generation from such probabilistic sources, which removes the need for photon number resolution during the heralding process as the size of the system increases.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) and some of their specific aspects are associated with health. A negatively perceived relationship with God, which has adverse health outcomes, can be formed by human attachment both in childhood and adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of childhood trauma (CT) and experience in close relationships (ECR) with the God image in a secular environment by religiosity. A national representative sample of Czech adults (n = 1800, 51.1 ± 17.2 years; 43.5% men) participated in a survey. We measured CT (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), ECR (Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire), image of God (questions from the 2005 Baylor Survey) and religiosity. Our results showed associations of CT and ECR with God images. Respondents who experienced CT were less likely to describe God as loving, always present and forgiving. Religious respondents were less likely to report positive God images with odds ratios (ORs) from 0.78 (0.66-0.94) to 0.95 (0.91-0.99), nonreligious respondents reported negative God images with ORs from 1.03 (1.00-1.06) to 1.22 (1.08-1.37). We found CT and problems in close relationships in adulthood are associated with a less positive God image, especially in nonreligious people. Understanding these associations may help prevent detrimental health outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• childhood trauma, experience in close relationships, image of God, religiosity,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spiritualita MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zneužívané dítě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) enables the real-time capture of health-related behaviours, their situational contexts, and associated subjective experiences. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an EMA targeting physical and eating behaviours, optimise its protocol, and provide recommendations for future large-scale EMA data collections. The study involved 52 participants (age 31±9 years, 56% females) from Czechia, France, Germany, and Ireland completing a 9-day free-living EMA protocol using the HealthReact platform connected to a Fitbit tracker. The EMA protocol included time-based (7/day), event-based (up to 10/day), and self-initiated surveys, each containing 8 to 17 items assessing physical and eating behaviours and related contextual factors such as affective states, location, and company. Qualitative insights were gathered from post-EMA feedback interviews. Compliance was low (median 49%), particularly for event-based surveys (median 34%), and declined over time. Many participants were unable or unwilling to complete surveys in certain contexts (e.g., when with family), faced interference with their daily schedules, and encountered occasional technical issues, suggesting the need for thorough initial training, an individualised protocol, and systematic compliance monitoring. The number of event-based surveys was less than desired for the study, with a median of 2.4/day for sedentary events, when 4 were targeted, and 0.9/day for walking events, when 3 were targeted. Conducting simulations using participants' Fitbit data allowed for optimising the triggering rules, achieving the desired median number of sedentary and walking surveys (3.9/day for both) in similar populations. Self-initiated reports of meals and drinks yielded more reports than those prompted in time-based and event-based EMA surveys, suggesting that self-initiated surveys might better reflect actual eating behaviours. This study highlights the importance of assessing feasibility and optimising EMA protocols to enhance subsequent compliance and data quality. Conducting pre-tests to refine protocols and procedures, including simulations using participants' activity data for optimal event-based triggering rules, is crucial for successful large-scale data collection in EMA studies of physical and eating behaviours.

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• okamžité posouzení v přirozeném prostředí * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sběr dat * metody   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The goal of this study was to assess the bioavailable concentrations of analgesics, psycholeptics, antidepressants and illicit drugs in the surface waters of the Czech Republic. All of the sampling sites are located within the most important water quality monitoring profiles at the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The total concentrations of the compounds ranged from 463 to 6,447 ng POCIS(-1) (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). Carbamazepine (196-2,690 ng POCIS(-1)) and tramadol (160-2,250 ng POCIS(-1)) were the most abundant compounds at every site. The most polluted sites were those that received communal wastewater effluent and had a low dilution factor (ratio of wastewater effluent and river flow). The aqueous concentrations of the target compounds were estimated using sampling rate values obtained during a field calibration experiment. Patterns in the aqueous concentrations of the compounds (after back calculation from POCIS extracts) and the POCIS concentrations are different, possibly leading to discrepancies between the toxicity assessments conducted using POCIS extracts and those conducted using grab samples of water from the same location.

• Klíčová slova
• Field calibration, POCIS, Psychoactive compounds, Sampling rate, Surface water,
• MeSH
• analgetika analýza   MeSH
• antidepresiva analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odhalování abúzu drog metody   MeSH
• odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sladká voda chemie   MeSH
• zakázané drogy analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• analgetika MeSH
• antidepresiva MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• zakázané drogy MeSH