A transfer of fullerene C(60) to water was achieved by sonication of a two-phase system of water and C(60) in organic solvents, namely, benzene and toluene. Resulting aqueous dispersions were analyzed electrochemically, spectroscopically, by MALDI-MS and AFM methods. Samples prepared from benzene yield the formal redox potential very close to a value expected from the correlation of redox potentials and solvent donor numbers. However, these samples are not stable and C(60) precipitates out of the aqueous dispersion. Sonication of the toluene/water system produces stable system, in which the measured formal redox potential of C(60) is less negative. Stabilization of C(60) clusters in water is achieved by the presence of an organic amphiphile and spectroscopic methods indicate the presence of benzoate formed during sonication of a toluene/water mixture.

• MeSH
• elektrochemie MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• fullereny chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• mikroskopie skenující sondou MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• spektrální analýza MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fullerene C60 MeSH Prohlížeč
• fullereny MeSH
• voda MeSH

Here, we propose five fullerene (C60) derivatives as new drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). These compounds were designed to act as new human acetylcholinesterase (HssAChE) inhibitors by blocking its fasciculin II (FASII) binding site. Docking and molecular dynamic results show that our proposals bind to the HssAChE tunnel entrance, forming stable complex, and further binding free energy calculations suggest that three of the derivatives proposed here could be potent HssAChE inhibitors. We found a region formed by a set of residues (Tyr72, Asp74, Trp286, Gln291, Tyr341, and Pro344) which can be further exploited in the drug design of new inhibitors of HssAChE based on C60 derivatives. Results presented here report for the first time by a new class of molecules that can become effective drugs against AD.

• Klíčová slova
• AChE inhibition, Alzheimer’s disease, docking, fullerene derivatives, molecular modeling, theoretical methodologies,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• fullereny chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• molekulární konformace * MeSH
• molekulární modely * MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• fullerene C60 MeSH Prohlížeč
• fullereny MeSH

The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by dose-related cardiomyopathy, which becomes more prevalent with increasing cumulative doses of the drug. Complexes of fullerene with DOX were designed and studied using biophysical methods. The ability of DOX to release from fullerene at different pHs was analyzed. It has been shown that the size of the fullerene-DOX complexes was ∼280 nm. The zeta potential for fullerene was -30 mV, for DOX -8 mV, and for fullerene-DOX conjugates -24 mV. Drug release was studied by CE with LIF detection. When fullerene-DOX conjugates were separated in a pH 7.5 buffer, 43% of all DOX signals were derived from free DOX, with the signal increasing as pH decreased. At pH 5.25, all DOX had been released and 100% of the signal was derived from free DOX. The release of DOX from complexes with fullerene at lower pH can be used in targeted antineoplastic therapy, resulting in lower toxicity for less acidic non-target tissue.

• Klíčová slova
• Breast tumors, Doxorubicin, Drug delivery systems, Fullerene, Nanomedicine,
• MeSH
• antibiotika antitumorózní terapeutické užití   MeSH
• doxorubicin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemie   MeSH
• fullereny chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• nádory prsu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   MeSH
• optické zobrazování MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibiotika antitumorózní MeSH
• doxorubicin MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• fullereny MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH

Carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, exhibit not only unique structure and electronic properties but also a significant potential to serve as radical scavengers and/or anti-oxidants. Their conjugation with anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) may help to balance severe negative side effects of these cytostatics and also improve the delivery of the drug taking advantage of the enhanced cellular uptake, selectivity to cancer cells, and pH regulated release. In this study, the fullerene (C60) surface was oxidized by concentrated nitric acid, which enabled simple DOX-fullerene conjugation based on π-π stacking and hydrophilic interactions with carboxylic groups. The strength of this noncovalent binding is pH dependent. At a low pH, the amino group of DOX is protonated, however at a higher pH, the amino group is deprotonated, resulting in stronger hydrophobic interactions with the fullerene walls. CE and HPLC were employed for characterization of resulting complexes. The cell toxicity of the conjugates was evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus and finally they were administered into the chicken embryo to assess the applicability for in vivo imaging.

• Klíčová slova
• Clinical analysis, Doxorubicin, Drug delivery, Embryo, Fullerene, Nanomedicine,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• doxorubicin chemie   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• fullereny chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• doxorubicin MeSH
• fullereny MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH

Fullerene derivatives with hydrophilic substituents have been shown to exhibit a range of biological activities, including antiviral ones. For a long time, the anti-HIV activity of fullerene derivatives was believed to be due to their binding into the hydrophobic pocket of HIV-1 protease, thereby blocking its activity. Recent work, however, brought new evidence of a novel, protease-independent mechanism of fullerene derivatives' action. We studied in more detail the mechanism of the anti-HIV-1 activity of N,N-dimethyl[70]fulleropyrrolidinium iodide fullerene derivatives. By using a combination of in vitro and cell-based approaches, we showed that these C70 derivatives inhibited neither HIV-1 protease nor HIV-1 maturation. Instead, our data indicate effects of fullerene C70 derivatives on viral genomic RNA packaging and HIV-1 cDNA synthesis during reverse transcription-without impairing reverse transcriptase activity though. Molecularly, this could be explained by a strong binding affinity of these fullerene derivatives to HIV-1 nucleocapsid domain, preventing its proper interaction with viral genomic RNA, thereby blocking reverse transcription and HIV-1 infectivity. Moreover, the fullerene derivatives' oxidative activity and fluorescence quenching, which could be one of the reasons for the inconsistency among reported anti-HIV-1 mechanisms, are discussed herein.

• Klíčová slova
• HIV-1, RNA packaging, fullerene, inhibition, nucleocapsid,
• MeSH
• fullereny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• genom virový účinky léků   MeSH
• genové produkty gag - virus lidské imunodeficience metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• HIV-1 účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• látky proti HIV metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nukleokapsida - proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• reverzní transkripce MeSH
• RNA virová metabolismus   MeSH
• svlékání virového obalu účinky léků   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• virion metabolismus   MeSH
• zabalení virového genomu účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fullereny MeSH
• genové produkty gag - virus lidské imunodeficience MeSH
• látky proti HIV MeSH
• nukleokapsida - proteiny MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH

Fullerenes are nanoparticles composed of carbon atoms arranged in a spherical hollow cage-like structure. Numerous studies have evaluated the therapeutic potential of fullerene derivates against oxidative stress-associated conditions, including the prevention or treatment of arthritis. On the other hand, fullerenes are not only able to quench, but also to generate harmful reactive oxygen species. The reactivity of fullerenes may change in time due to the oxidation and polymerization of fullerenes in an air atmosphere. In this study, we therefore tested the dependence between the age of fullerene films (from one week to one year) and the proliferation, viability and metabolic activity of human osteosarcoma cells (lines MG-63 and U-2 OS). We also monitored potential membrane and DNA damage and morphological changes of the cells. After seven days of cultivation, we did not observe any cytotoxic morphological changes, such as enlarged cells or cytosolic vacuole formation. Furthermore, there was no increased level of DNA damage. The increasing age of the fullerene films did not cause enhancement of cytotoxicity. On the contrary, it resulted in an improvement in the properties of these materials, which are more suitable for cell cultivation. Therefore, fullerene films could be considered as a promising material with potential use as a bioactive coating of cell carriers for bone tissue engineering.

• MeSH
• buněčná adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• fotoelektronová spektroskopie MeSH
• fullereny farmakologie   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce účinky léků   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň cytologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• osteoblasty cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• tvar buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fullerene C60 MeSH Prohlížeč
• fullereny MeSH

Cellular localization of carbon nanomaterials in cancer cells is essential information for better understanding their interaction with biological targets and a crucial factor for further evaluating their biological properties as nanovehicles or nanotherapeutics. Recently, increasing efforts to develop promising fullerene nanotherapeutics for cancer nanotechnology have been made. However, the main challenge regarding studying their cellular effects is the lack of effective methods for their visualization and determining their cellular fate due to the limited fluorescence of buckyball scaffolds. Herein, we developed a method for cellular localization of nonfluorescent and water-soluble fullerene nanomaterials using the in vitro click chemistry approach. First, we synthesized a triple-bonded fullerene probe (TBC60ser), which was further used as a starting material for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin and sulfo-cyanine5 azide fluorophores to create fluorescent fullerene triazoles. In this work, we characterized the structurally triple-bonded [60]fullerene derivative and confirmed its high symmetry (Th) and the successful formation of fullerene triazoles by spectroscopic techniques (i.e., ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies) and mass spectrometry. The created fluorescent fullerene triazoles were successfully localized in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using fluorescent microscopy. Overall, our findings demonstrate that TBC60ser localizes in the lysosomes of MCF-7 cells, with only a small affinity to mitochondria.

• Klíčová slova
• [60]fullerenes, breast cancer, cellular colocalization, click reactions, lysosomes, triazoles,
• MeSH
• fullereny * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• nádory prsu * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanostruktury * chemie   MeSH
• triazoly MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fullereny * MeSH
• triazoly MeSH

The similarity in shape makes separation and identification of fullerenes difficult. In this work, the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy is presented as a useful tool for this purpose. Experimental C60 and C70 spectra were obtained and reproduced with the aid of density functional computations and the complex polarization propagator method. Theoretical spectra of other fullerenes revealed distinctive patterns extremely sensitive to molecular structure as well. Requiring tiny amounts of the sample, the MCD technique thus appears as a useful for detailed fullerene studies.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Porphyrin-fullerene dyads are promising candidates for organic photovoltaic devices. The electron-transfer (ET) properties of the molecular devices depend significantly on the mutual position of the donor and acceptor. Recently, a new type of molecular isomerism (akamptisomerism) has been discovered. In the present study, we explore how photoinduced ET can be modulated by passing from one akamptisomer to another. To this aim, four akamptisomers of the quinoxalinoporphyrin-[60]fullerene complex are selected for computational study. The most striking finding is that, depending on the isomer, the porphyrin unit in the dyad can act as either electron donor or electron acceptor. Thus, the stereoisomeric diversity allows one to change the direction of ET between the porphyrin and fullerene moieties. To understand the effect of akamptisomerism on the photoinduced ET processes, a detailed analysis of initial and final states involved in the ET is performed. The computed rate for charge separation is estimated to be in the region of 1-10 ns-1 . The formation of a long-living quinoxalinoporphyrin anion radical species is predicted.

• Klíčová slova
• akamptisomerism, charge transfer, fullerenes, organic photovoltaics, solar cells,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most frequently used anticancer drugs in breast cancer treatment. However, clinical applications of DOX are restricted, largely due to the fact that its action disturbs the pro/antioxidant balance in both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fullerene (C60) in cell treatment by DOX on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), concentration of metallothionein (MT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and SOD activity in these cells. The use of C60 in complexes with DOX causes a change in the level of cell proliferation of about 5% more than when caused by DOX alone (from 60⁻65% to 70%). The use of C60 as a DOX nanotransporter reduced the MT level increase induced by DOX. C60 alone caused an increase of SOD1 concentration. On the other hand, it led to a decrease of SOD activity. C60 in complex with DOX caused a decrease of the DOX-induced SOD activity level. Exposure of MCF-7 cells to DOX-C60 complexes results in a decrease in viable cells and may become a new therapeutic approach to breast cancer. The effects of C60 in complexes with DOX on MCF-7 cells included a decreased enzymatic (SOD activity) and nonenzymatic (MT) antioxidant status, thus indicating their prooxidant role in MCF-7 cells.

• Klíčová slova
• breast tumors, doxorubicin, drug delivery systems, fullerene, nanoparticles, metallothionein, superoxide dismutase,
• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• doxorubicin farmakologie   MeSH
• fullereny chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metalothionein metabolismus   MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• superoxid dismutáza 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antitumorózní látky MeSH
• doxorubicin MeSH
• fullereny MeSH
• metalothionein MeSH
• SOD1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• superoxid dismutáza 1 MeSH