Ageing is a complex phenomenon affecting a wide range of coexisting biological processes. The homogeneity of the studied population is an essential parameter for valid interpretations of outcomes. The presented study capitalises on the MRI data available in the Human Connectome Project-Aging (HCP-A) and, within individuals over 55 years of age who passed the HCP-A section criteria, compares a subgroup of 37 apparently neurocognitively healthy individuals selected based on stringent criteria with 37 age and sex-matched individuals still representative of typical ageing but who did not pass the stringent definition of neurocognitively healthy. Specifically, structural scans, diffusion weighted imaging and T1w/T2w ratio were utilised. Furthermore, data of 26 HCP-A participants older than 90 years as notional 'super-agers' were analysed. The relationship of age and several microstructural MRI metrics (T1w/T2w ratio, mean diffusivity, intracellular volume fraction and free water volume fraction) differed significantly between typical and healthy ageing cohort in areas highly relevant for ageing such as hippocampus, prefrontal and temporal cortex and cerebellum. However, the trajectories of the healthy ageing population did not show substantially better overlap with the findings in people older than 90 than those of the typical population. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the choice of adequate study group characteristics relevant for respective ageing-related hypotheses. Contrary to typical ageing group, the healthy ageing cohort may show generally stable levels of several MRI metrics of interest.

• Klíčová slova
• HCP‐A, MRI, healthy ageing, typical ageing,
• MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * fyziologie   MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

An ageing population is a typical feature of many developed countries across the world. Analyzed from a biomedical and philosophical point of view, this phenomenon is also a potential risk factor for social sustainability of communities. The association between ageing and cancer seems to be more than apparent. Therefore, the further increase of epidemic-like incidence of malignant tumors in a population can be expected in the near future. Elderly people usually suffer from age-dependent diseases, and such polymorbidity can seriously affect the treatment of malignant tumors. Such an impending situation may be associated with multiple medical, social and economic issues. This article summarizes data about the possible molecular mechanism influencing rapid spreading of tumors in the elderly population. Reduction of the activity of DNA repair machinery is a likely genetic cause. Besides this, even epigenetic mechanisms can influence this process. In this context, the role of cancer stroma in controlling multiple biological properties of tumors is a prospective target for translational research with potential therapeutic outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Ageing, DNA repair, cancer incidence, cancer microenvironment, genetic instability, review,
• MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• genetické nemoci vrozené MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádory epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• stárnutí * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Age-related spatial navigation decline is more pronounced in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. We used a realistic-looking virtual navigation test suite to analyze different aspects of visuospatial processing in typical and atypical aging. A total of 219 older adults were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study cohort. Cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 78), patients with amnestic MCI (n = 75), and those with mild AD dementia (n = 66) underwent three navigational tasks, cognitive assessment, and brain MRI. Route learning and wayfinding/perspective-taking tasks distinguished the groups as performance and learning declined and specific visuospatial strategies were less utilized with increasing cognitive impairment. Increased perspective shift and utilization of non-specific strategies were associated with worse task performance across the groups. Primacy and recency effects were observed across the groups in the route learning and the wayfinding/perspective-taking task, respectively. In addition, a primacy effect was present in the wayfinding/perspective-taking task in the CN older adults. More effective spatial navigation was associated with better memory and executive functions. The results demonstrate that a realistic and ecologically valid spatial navigation test suite can reveal different aspects of visuospatial processing in typical and atypical aging.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, navigation strategies, perspective taking, route learning, spatial navigation, visuospatial functions, wayfinding,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In the forensic sciences, knowledge of facial ageing is very important in searching for both dead and living individuals. Ageing estimations typically model the biological profile, which can be compared to missing persons. The main goals of this current study were to construct ageing trajectories for adult human faces of both sexes and evaluate sexual dimorphism in relation to static allometry. Our study was based on the analysis of three-dimensional facial surface models of 194 individuals 20-80 years of age. The evaluation consisted of a dense correspondence analysis of facial scans and multivariate statistics. It was shown that both age and sex have a significant influence on facial form and shape. Male features included a longer face, with more protruded foreheads, eyebrow ridges and nose, including the region under the upper lip and mandible region, but more retruded cheeks compared to females. Ageing in both sexes shared common traits, such as more pronounced roundness of the face (rectangular in males), decreased facial convexity, increased visibility of skin folds and wrinkles connected with the loss of skin elasticity, and soft tissue stretching, especially in the orbital area and lower face; however, male faces exhibited more intense ageing changes. The above-mentioned sexual dimorphic traits tended to diminish in the elderly age category, though overall sexual dimorphism was heightened with age. The static allometric relationships between size and form or shape were similar in both sexes, except that the larger faces of elderly males displayed more intensive ageing changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Ageing trajectories, Forensic Anthropology Population Data, Geometric morphometrics, Sexual dimorphism, Static allometry,
• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

After in vitro maturation, the unfertilized pig oocytes underwent the process called ageing. This process involves typical events such as fragmentation, spontaneous parthenogenetic activation or lysis. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, using its specific inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), significantly delayed the maturation of pig oocytes cultured in vitro. The ageing of oocytes matured under the effect of TSA is the same as the ageing in oocytes matured without TSA. The inhibition of histone deacetylase during oocyte ageing significantly reduced the percentage of fragmented oocytes (from 30% in untreated oocytes to 9% in oocytes aged under the effect of 100 nM of TSA). Oocytes matured in vitro and subsequently aged for 1 day under the effects of TSA retained their developmental capacity. After parthenogenetic activation, a significantly higher portion (27% vs. 15%) of oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage after 24 h ageing under 100 nM TSA when compared with oocytes activated after 24 h ageing in a TSA-free medium. The parthenogenetic development in oocytes aged under TSA treatment is similar to the development of fresh oocytes (29% of blastocyst) artificially activated immediately after in vitro maturation.

• MeSH
• histondeacetylasy metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas * MeSH
• inhibitory syntézy proteinů farmakologie   MeSH
• ionofory farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyseliny hydroxamové farmakologie   MeSH
• oocyty enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• prasata fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí buněk MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• histondeacetylasy MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas * MeSH
• inhibitory syntézy proteinů MeSH
• ionofory MeSH
• kyseliny hydroxamové MeSH
• trichostatin A MeSH Prohlížeč

PURPOSE: To investigate possible neuronal dysfunction of the thalamus in patients suffering from typical absence epilepsy, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Special attention was paid to levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr), and to the NAA/Cr ratio. METHODS: MRS was performed over the right and left thalamus in nine patients suffering from typical absence epilepsy, and in nine sex- and age-matched healthy controls. All patients and controls were examined using a standard MRS-CSI (chemical shift imaging) technique. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the obtained data demonstrated a significantly lower thalamic NAA/Cr ratio in patients with typical absence epilepsy when compared to the healthy controls. Our MRS data showed symmetrical distribution of NAA/Cr ratio in the right and left thalamus within both the patient group and the group of healthy controls. No significant correlation between the patients' thalamic NAA/Cr values and the duration of the epilepsy or seizure frequency was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: The present MRS data clearly indicate neuronal dysfunction in the thalami of patients with typical absence epilepsy. In agreement with other recent MRS findings in different idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes, our results confirm the role of the thalamus as an important structure in the pathogenesis of typical absence epilepsy.

• MeSH
• absentní epilepsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kreatin metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina asparagová analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
• neurony fyziologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• thalamus metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kreatin MeSH
• kyselina asparagová MeSH
• N-acetylaspartate MeSH Prohlížeč

PURPOSE: Bosworth fracture-dislocations (BF) with entrapment of a fibular fragment behind the posterior rim of the distal tibia are rare but potentially serious injuries to the ankle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the radiographs of 23 consecutive patients with a mean age of 44 years who were treated for BF. All patients underwent routine radiological examination of the ankle and presence of a BF was confirmed intraoperatively in 22 cases and / or with CT in 15 cases. RESULTS: Tibiofibular overlap intersecting the joint line in the anteroposterior view of the ankle was found in 20 of 23 cases (87%) and persisted in 17 of 18 cases (94%) after unsuccessful closed reduction. Posterior subluxation of the talus in the lateral view was revealed in 21 of 23 cases (91%). Tibio-fibular dissociation, i.e., posterior displacement of the distal fibula relative to the distal tibia in the lateral view was found in 22 of 23 cases (96%). This sign remained positive in all 18 cases with unsuccessful closed reduction. Closed reduction of the talus beneath the distal tibia was associated with an average increase of anterior fibular angulation of 24.5 degrees in case of inadequate closed reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Bosworth fracture represents a rare but still highly variable ankle injury that may lead to misinterpretation of the initial radiographs. Reliable radiological signs are triangular tibiofibular overlap, posterior talar subluxation and tibiofibular dissociation that should prompt CT imaging which is essential for revealing the complex pathoanatomy and planning the surgical approach.

• Klíčová slova
• Ankle fracture-dislocations, Bosworth fracture, CT diagnostics, Posterior malleolus,
• MeSH
• dislokovaná fraktura * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibula * zranění   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fraktury kotníku * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• fraktury tibie * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• poranění kotníku * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Conduction recurrence during radiofrequency (RF) ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus for typical atrial flutter is common. Understanding the temporal pattern of recurrences could help to predict a durable bidirectional block (BDB) and optimize the procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed atrial flutter ablations in 108 consecutive patients (85 males, age 63 +/- 11 years). RF energy was delivered through 8-mm tip or 4-mm cooled-tip catheter. On average, 18 +/- 11 pulses were necessary to achieve BDB. The time to recurrence of conduction after RF cessation was recorded. Early and late conduction recurrences were defined as < or =10 minutes and >10 minutes, respectively. Patients were observed for > or =30 minutes after bidirectional cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) block was achieved. Conduction did not recur in 46 patients. In 8 cases, no block was achieved. A total of 167 conduction recurrences were recorded in the remaining 54 cases (1-10 per case). Of these, in 53 patients, recurrences were classified as early (98%) and 14 patients had late recurrences (8%). Thirteen patients had both early and late recurrences (24%). All but one late recurrence were preceded by at least one early recurrence. Absence of early recurrence had negative predictive value of 98%, while any early recurrence had positive predictive value of 26% for subsequent late conduction recovery. CONCLUSION: Incidence of isthmus conduction recurrence rapidly decayed during the waiting period. Absence of conduction recurrence within 10 minutes after first successful RF delivery was highly predictive of persistent BDB.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• flutter síní patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• převodní systém srdeční patofyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dermatitida etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• myozitida etiologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: Types 1 and 2 by Delahunt of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) are traditionally differentiated. An oncocytic variant of PRCC (O-PRCC) has recently been described. We compare clinical data of O-PRCC with other subtypes of PRCC such as the main tumour size, necrotic changes, presence of pseudocapsula and real extrarenal growth in retrospective study. METHODS: From 1/1992 to 10/2009, 1,398 patients with 1,436 renal tumours were surgically treated in our institution. PRCCs were described in 109 (7.6%). Among PRCC, O-PRCCs were in 12 (11%), PRCC type 1 in 86 (78.9%), PRCC type 2 in 8 (7.3%) and others in 3 (2.8%) cases. RESULTS: The patient's mean age with O-PRCC (M:F ratio = 2:1) was 67.5 +/- 10.9 versus 63.5 +/- 14.1 in type 1 and 57.9 +/- 5.7 in type 2, the mean tumour size was 35 +/- 12 mm versus 47 +/- 22 and 37 +/- 17, respectively. The follow-up of O-PRCC is 35.3 +/- 12.3 months and all cases are without recurrence. We did not find any pseudocapsula in O-PRCC but it was a major sign of PRCC type 1 (32.6%). Huge microscopic necrotic changes were described in 33.3% of O-PRCC, in 33.7% of PRCC type 1 and 62.5% of PRCC type 2. Extrarenal growth was found only in 16.7% O-PRCC versus 40.7% in PRCC type I. CONCLUSIONS: None of the O-PRCC had pseudocapsula and none had massive necroses in comparison of O-PRCC with PRCC types I and II. Extrarenal growth in O-PRCC is relatively rare. The malignant potential of O-PRCC is low.

• MeSH
• adrenalektomie MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nefrektomie MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• oxyfilní adenom diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• papilární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH