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Circadian clock components control daily growth activities by modulating cytokinin levels and cell division-associated gene expression in Populus trees

KD. Edwards, N. Takata, M. Johansson, M. Jurca, O. Novák, E. Hényková, S. Liverani, I. Kozarewa, M. Strnad, AJ. Millar, K. Ljung, ME. Eriksson,

. 2018 ; 41 (6) : 1468-1482. [pub] 20180415

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc19028530

Grant support
BB/D019621/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council - United Kingdom
G19886/2 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council - United Kingdom

Trees are carbon dioxide sinks and major producers of terrestrial biomass with distinct seasonal growth patterns. Circadian clocks enable the coordination of physiological and biochemical temporal activities, optimally regulating multiple traits including growth. To dissect the clock's role in growth, we analysed Populus tremula × P. tremuloides trees with impaired clock function due to down-regulation of central clock components. late elongated hypocotyl (lhy-10) trees, in which expression of LHY1 and LHY2 is reduced by RNAi, have a short free-running period and show disrupted temporal regulation of gene expression and reduced growth, producing 30-40% less biomass than wild-type trees. Genes important in growth regulation were expressed with an earlier phase in lhy-10, and CYCLIN D3 expression was misaligned and arrhythmic. Levels of cytokinins were lower in lhy-10 trees, which also showed a change in the time of peak expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. However, auxin levels were not altered in lhy-10 trees, and the size of the lignification zone in the stem showed a relative increase. The reduced growth rate and anatomical features of lhy-10 trees were mainly caused by misregulation of cell division, which may have resulted from impaired clock function.

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$a Trees are carbon dioxide sinks and major producers of terrestrial biomass with distinct seasonal growth patterns. Circadian clocks enable the coordination of physiological and biochemical temporal activities, optimally regulating multiple traits including growth. To dissect the clock's role in growth, we analysed Populus tremula × P. tremuloides trees with impaired clock function due to down-regulation of central clock components. late elongated hypocotyl (lhy-10) trees, in which expression of LHY1 and LHY2 is reduced by RNAi, have a short free-running period and show disrupted temporal regulation of gene expression and reduced growth, producing 30-40% less biomass than wild-type trees. Genes important in growth regulation were expressed with an earlier phase in lhy-10, and CYCLIN D3 expression was misaligned and arrhythmic. Levels of cytokinins were lower in lhy-10 trees, which also showed a change in the time of peak expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. However, auxin levels were not altered in lhy-10 trees, and the size of the lignification zone in the stem showed a relative increase. The reduced growth rate and anatomical features of lhy-10 trees were mainly caused by misregulation of cell division, which may have resulted from impaired clock function.
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$a Takata, Naoki $u Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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$a Johansson, Mikael $u Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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$a Jurca, Manuela $u Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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$a Millar, Andrew J $u School of Biological Sciences, C.H. Waddington Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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$a Ljung, Karin $u Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
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$a Eriksson, Maria E $u Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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