To determine some early signs connected with the increased risk of future allergy development, gene expression and production of selected cytokines were tested in children of allergic mothers and compared with newborns of healthy mothers. Expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF was tested in cord blood cells using real-time PCR and production of these cytokines was evaluated in cord sera by ELISA. Gene expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β was decreased and that of IL-10, IL-13 and EGF increased in children of allergic mothers in comparison with those of healthy mothers. Significant differences in sera of healthy and allergic groups were only in IL-10 and EGF. Different relationship among serum cytokine levels reflects the fact that the cytokines are not produced only by blood cells. Significantly decreased production of EGF in newborns of allergic mothers could negatively influence maturation of mucosal membranes of these children and support thus their easier allergization. Allergic phenotype pointing to the bias to T(H)2 response and to possibly impaired intestine maturation was apparent already on the level of cord blood and could serve as a predictive sign of increased allergy risk.

Institute of Immunology and Microbiology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009 May;20(3):227-33 PubMed

Immunology. 1992 Sep;77(1):7-12 PubMed

Allergy. 2003 Nov;58(11):1187-94 PubMed

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Feb;115(2):213-9; quiz 220 PubMed

Cytokine. 2007 Sep;39(3):171-7 PubMed

Clin Exp Allergy. 2003 May;33(5):615-23 PubMed

Eur J Immunol. 2003 May;33(5):1205-14 PubMed

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Dec;112(6):1072-7 PubMed

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008 Mar;19(2):140-7 PubMed

Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Aug 1;160(3):217-23 PubMed

J Clin Immunol. 2005 Jul;25(4):329-37 PubMed

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Sep;18(6):486-94 PubMed

Semin Perinatol. 2008 Apr;32(2):107-13 PubMed

Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Nov;28(11):1340-4 PubMed

J Exp Med. 1997 Jun 2;185(11):1909-18 PubMed

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Mar;105(3):506-13 PubMed

Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Jul;31(7):997-1006 PubMed

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Feb;121(2 Suppl):S384-7; quiz S416 PubMed

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007 Jan;92(1):F68-73 PubMed

Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Oct;31(10):1522-7 PubMed

Pediatr Res. 2002 Feb;51(2):195-200 PubMed

Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Nov;28 Suppl 5:39-44; discussion 50-1 PubMed

J Hum Genet. 2005;50(5):249-258 PubMed

Oral supplementation with selected Lactobacillus acidophilus triggers IL-17-dependent innate defense response, activation of innate lymphoid cells type 3 and improves colitis

The Impact of Escherichia coli Probiotic Strain O83:K24:H31 on the Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Immunoregulatory Functions In Vitro and In Vivo

Effect of early postnatal supplementation of newborns with probiotic strain E. coli O83:K24:H31 on allergy incidence, dendritic cells, and microbiota

Lower Functional and Proportional Characteristics of Cord Blood Treg of Male Newborns Compared with Female Newborns

In Vitro Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Commensal Strains: Selection of Parabacteroides distasonis Strains Alleviating TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines by Metabolites of Streptomycetes-A Potential Alternative to Current Anti-Inflammatory Drugs?

Lactobacillus reuteri 5454 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 5764 improve colitis while differentially impacting dendritic cells maturation and antimicrobial responses

Value of cord blood Treg population properties and function-associated characteristics for predicting allergy development in childhood

Different immune response of dendritic cells of newborns of allergic and healthy mothers to bacterial stimuli

Distinct characteristics of Tregs of newborns of healthy and allergic mothers

The effect of the colostral cells on gene expression of cytokines in cord blood cells

Impaired function of regulatory T cells in cord blood of children of allergic mothers

Cytokine expression in the colostral cells of healthy and allergic mothers