Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity seem to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to gut barrier disruption and induction of proinflammatory immune responses. This opens the door for the use of novel health-promoting bacteria. We selected five Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from human adult and neonates gut microbiota. We evaluated in vitro their immunomodulation capacities and their ability to reinforce the gut barrier and characterized in vivo their protective effects in an acute murine model of colitis. The in vitro beneficial activities were highly strain dependent: two strains exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory potential and restored the gut barrier while a third strain reinstated the epithelial barrier. While their survival to in vitro gastric conditions was variable, the levels of P. distasonis DNA were higher in the stools of bacteria-treated animals. The strains that were positively scored in vitro displayed a strong ability to rescue mice from colitis. We further showed that two strains primed dendritic cells to induce regulatory T lymphocytes from naïve CD4+ T cells. This study provides better insights on the functionality of commensal bacteria and crucial clues to design live biotherapeutics able to target inflammatory chronic diseases such as IBD.

Institut Micalis MIHA Team Université Paris Saclay INRAE AgroParisTech 78350 Jouy en Josas France

Institute of Immunology and Microbiology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital 121 08 Prague Czech Republic

Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments UFR en Sciences et Technologies des Aliments Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan 00225 Côte d'Ivoire

UMR S1139 INSERM Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris Université de Paris 75006 Paris France

Université de Lille CNRS Inserm CHU Lille Institut Pasteur de Lille U1019 UMR 9017 CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille 59000 Lille France

Université de Lille CNRS Inserm CHU Lille Institut Pasteur de Lille US 41 UMS 2014 PLBS 59000 Lille France

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The Impact of Escherichia coli Probiotic Strain O83:K24:H31 on the Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Immunoregulatory Functions In Vitro and In Vivo

Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Is Reduced by Pretreatment with Live Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917