BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori may be found during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) performed to diagnose celiac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to describe the frequency of H. pylori in children undergoing UGE for CeD, IBD, and EoE and the number of children receiving eradication treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study from 14 countries included pediatric patients diagnosed with CeD, IBD, and EoE between January 2019 and December 2021. DATA COLLECTED: age, gender, hematologic parameters, endoscopic, histologic, and H. pylori culture results, and information on eradication treatment. RESULTS: H. pylori was identified in 349/3890 (9%) children [167 (48%) male, median 12 years (interquartile range 8.1-14.6)]. H. pylori was present in 10% (173/1733) CeD, 8.5% (110/1292) IBD and 7.6% (66/865) EoE patients (p = NS). The prevalence differed significantly between Europe (Eastern 5.2% (28/536), Southern 3.8% (78/2032), Western 5.6% (28/513)) and the Middle East 26.6% (215/809) [odds ratio (OR) 7.96 95% confidence interval (CI) (6.31-10.1) p < 0.0001]. Eradication treatment was prescribed in 131/349 (37.5%) patients, 34.6% CeD, 35.8% IBD, and 56.1% EoE. Predictors for recommending treatment included erosions/ulcers [OR 6.45 95% CI 3.62-11.47, p < 0.0001] and nodular gastritis [OR 2.25 95% CI 1.33-3.81, p 0.003]. Treatment rates were higher in centers with a low H. pylori prevalence (<20%) [OR 3.36 95% CI 1.47-7.66 p 0.004]. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying H. pylori incidentally during UGE performed for the most common gastrointestinal diseases varies significantly among regions but not among diseases. The indications for recommending treatment are not well defined, and less than 40% of children received treatment.
- MeSH
- celiakie * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- eozinofilní ezofagitida * epidemiologie diagnóza MeSH
- gastrointestinální endoskopie MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * epidemiologie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori * diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The human intestine is a habitat for microorganisms and, recently, the composition of the intestinal microbiota has been correlated with the etiology of diseases such as inflammations, sores, and tumors. Although many studies have been conducted to understand the composition of that microbiota, expanding these studies to more samples and different backgrounds will improve our knowledge. In this work, we showed the colon microbiota composition and diversity of healthy subjects, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colon cancer by metagenomic sequencing. Our results indicated that the relative abundance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes differs between the healthy vs. tumor biopsies, tumor vs. IBD biopsies, and fresh vs. paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. Fusobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus genera were relatively abundant in fresh tumor biopsies, while Pseudomonas was significantly elevated in IBD biopsies. Additionally, another opportunist pathogen Malasseziales was revealed as the most abundant fungal clade in IBD biopsies, especially in ulcerative colitis. We also found that, while the Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was slightly lower in tumor biopsies compared to biopsies from healthy subjects, there was a significant increase in IBD biopsies. Our work will contribute to the known diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in the colon biopsies in patients with IBD and colon cancer.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that have been linked to microbiome dysbiosis and immune system dysregulation. We investigated the longitudinal effect of anti-TNF therapy on gut microbiota composition and specific immune response to commensals in IBD patients. The study included 52 patients tracked over 38 weeks of therapy and 37 healthy controls (HC). To characterize the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, we used amplicon sequencing of the V3V4 region of 16S rRNA for the bacterial community and of the ITS1 region for the fungal community. We measured total antibody levels as well as specific antibodies against assorted gut commensals by ELISA. We found diversity differences between HC, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis patients. The bacterial community of patients with IBD was more similar to HC at the study endpoint, suggesting a beneficial shift in the microbiome in response to treatment. We identified factors such as disease severity, localization, and surgical intervention that significantly contribute to the observed changes in the gut bacteriome. Furthermore, we revealed increased IgM levels against specific gut commensals after anti-TNF treatment. In summary, this study, with its longitudinal design, brings insights into the course of anti-TNF therapy in patients with IBD and correlates the bacterial diversity with disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- houby genetika MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty krev farmakoterapie mikrobiologie chirurgie MeSH
- inhibitory TNF terapeutické užití MeSH
- interleukin-17 metabolismus MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * genetika MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The human gut microbiota consists of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. It is a dynamic ecosystem shaped by several factors that play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. A disturbance of the gut microbiota, also termed "dysbiosis", is associated with increased host susceptibility to a range of diseases. Because of splanchnic ischemia, exposure to antibiotics, and/or the underlying disease, critically ill patients loose 90% of the commensal organisms in their gut within hours after the insult. This is followed by a rapid overgrowth of potentially pathogenic and pro-inflammatory bacteria that alter metabolic, immune, and even neurocognitive functions and that turn the gut into the driver of systemic inflammation and multiorgan failure. Indeed, restoring healthy microbiota by means of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the critically ill is an attractive and plausible concept in intensive care. Nonetheless, available data from controlled studies are limited to probiotics and FMT for severe C. difficile infection or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Case series and observational trials have generated hypotheses that FMT might be feasible and safe in immunocompromised patients, refractory sepsis, or severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea in ICU. There is a burning need to test these hypotheses in randomized controlled trials powered for the determination of patient-centered outcomes.
- MeSH
- dysbióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fekální transplantace metody MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- kritický stav epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průjem epidemiologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing-remitting gastrointestinal disorder which has become a serious global concern, and it imposes a great degree of health and economic burdens on communities worldwide. Although the presence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) microorganisms has been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, their putative role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been a matter of controversy. The present study aimed to investigate the existence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPHs and their probable coinfection with H. pylori in IBD. Totally, 168 clinical specimens including 70 colonic biopsies and 98 fecal specimens were obtained from IBD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and its quality and concentration were assessed by β-globin PCR and spectrophotometry. The Helicobacter genus-specific PCR was performed using 16S rRNA gene. All samples were also tested for H. pylori infection by PCR of ureC gene fragment (glmM). The presence of NHPH was examined by using species-specific PCR assays. Based on PCR results, H. pylori was detected in 12.9% and 3.1% of colonic biopsies and fecal specimens, respectively. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed (P value > 0.05). We failed to find NHPH in both colonic biopsies and fecal specimens from IBD patients. Despite the fact that none of the IBD patients harbored the NHPH in the current work, further cohorts with larger sample size are required to determine the possible relationship between NHPH infection and IBD pathogenesis.
- MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori fyziologie MeSH
- Helicobacter fyziologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity seem to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to gut barrier disruption and induction of proinflammatory immune responses. This opens the door for the use of novel health-promoting bacteria. We selected five Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from human adult and neonates gut microbiota. We evaluated in vitro their immunomodulation capacities and their ability to reinforce the gut barrier and characterized in vivo their protective effects in an acute murine model of colitis. The in vitro beneficial activities were highly strain dependent: two strains exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory potential and restored the gut barrier while a third strain reinstated the epithelial barrier. While their survival to in vitro gastric conditions was variable, the levels of P. distasonis DNA were higher in the stools of bacteria-treated animals. The strains that were positively scored in vitro displayed a strong ability to rescue mice from colitis. We further showed that two strains primed dendritic cells to induce regulatory T lymphocytes from naïve CD4+ T cells. This study provides better insights on the functionality of commensal bacteria and crucial clues to design live biotherapeutics able to target inflammatory chronic diseases such as IBD.
- MeSH
- Bacteroidetes genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kolitida chemicky indukované imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- kyselina trinitrobenzensulfonová škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra imunologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota fyziologie MeSH
- orální zdraví * MeSH
- parodontitida mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra fyziologie MeSH
- ústa mikrobiologie MeSH
- zubní kaz mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Idiopatické střevní záněty (IBD) jsou skupinou onemocnění, jejichž příčina není zcela jasná a kde předpokládáme, že se na jejich vzniku podílí jak faktory genetické, tak i vnější vlivy. Léčba je tedy komplikovaná, jejím základem jsou aminosalicyláty, kortikoidy, imunosupresiva a v posledních letech také biologická léčba. Probiotika jsou specifické živé mikroorganismy, jež mohou příznivě ovlivňovat či zlepšit zdravotní stav jedince, pokud jsou přijímány v dostatečném množství. Jejich význam v léčbě idiopatických střevních zánětů není dominantní, mají však svůj prokázaný význam v prevenci pouchitidy a v udržovací léčbě ulcerózní kolitidy.
Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases, whose cause is not clear. We expected, that genetic and external factors participate in to their origin. The treatment of Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis is complicated and aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and recently also biological therapy are the basis of the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Probiotics are living microorganisms of the human origin, that can influence human health, if they are used in sufficient quantities. Their position in IBD treatment is not dominant, but they are important in the long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis and in prevention of pouchitis.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc imunologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida imunologie mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet, host genome, and lifestyle. The background: The study purpose is to find relations between nutrition, intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various environments (human, animal intestine, and yogurt) and sulfate-reducing microbial communities in the large intestine; to compare kinetic growth parameters of LAB; and to determine their sensitivity to different concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. METHODS: Microbiological (isolation and identification), biochemical (electrophoresis), molecular biology methods (DNA isolation and PCR analysis), and statistical processing (average and standard error calculations) of the results were used. THE RESULTS: The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria, the survival of lactic acid bacteria, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The measured hydrogen sulfide sensitivity values were the same for L. paracasei and L. reuteri (MIC > 1.1 mM). In addition, L. plantarum and L.fermentum showed also a similar sensitivity (MIC > 0.45 mM) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than L.reuteri and L. paracasei (1.1 > 0.45 mM). L. paracasei and L. reuteri are more sensitive to hydrogen sulfide than L. fermentum and L. plantarum. L. pentosus was sensitive to the extremely low concentration of H2S (MIC > 0.15 mM). CONCLUSIONS: The Lactobacillus species were significantly sensitive to hydrogen sulfide, which is a final metabolite of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results are definitely helpful for a better understanding of complicated interaction among intestinal microbiota and nutrition.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty mikrobiologie MeSH
- Lactobacillus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků MeSH
- myši MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- sulfan metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
