Probiotics or bacteriotherapy is today's hot issue for public entities (Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Health Organization) as well as health and food industries since Metchnikoff and his colleagues hypothesized the correlation between probiotic consumption and human's health. They contribute to the newest and highly efficient arena of promising biotherapeutics. These are usually attractive in biomedical applications such as gut-related diseases like irritable bowel disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, fungal infections, various allergies, parasitic and bacterial infections, viral diseases, and intestinal inflammation, and are also worth immunomodulation. The useful impact of probiotics is not limited to gut-related diseases alone. Still, these have proven benefits in various acute and chronic infectious diseases, like cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diseases, and high serum cholesterol. Recently, different researchers have paid special attention to investigating biomedical applications of probiotics, but consolidated data regarding bacteriotherapy with a detailed mechanistically applied approach is scarce and controversial. The present article reviews the bio-interface of probiotic strains, mainly (i) why the demand for probiotics?, (ii) the current status of probiotics, (iii) an alternative to antibiotics, (iv) the potential applications towards disease management, (v) probiotics and industrialization, and (vi) futuristic approach.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * účinky léků MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci terapie imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunomodulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- probiotika * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (EcO83) is a probiotic strain used in newborns to prevent nosocomial infections and diarrhoea. This bacterium stimulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and its intranasal administration reduces allergic airway inflammation in mice. Despite its benefits, there are concerns about the use of live probiotic bacteria due to potential systemic infections and gene transfer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from EcO83 (EcO83-EVs) might offer a safer alternative to live bacteria. This study characterizes EcO83-EVs and investigates their interaction with host cells, highlighting their potential as postbiotic therapeutics. EcO83-EVs were isolated, purified, and characterised following the Minimal Information of Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines. Ex vivo studies conducted in human nasal epithelial cells showed that EcO83-EVs increased the expression of proteins linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating an effective interaction between EVs and the host cells. Further in vivo studies in mice demonstrated that EcO83-EVs interact with nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, are internalised by airway macrophages, and stimulate neutrophil recruitment in the lung. Mechanistically, EcO83-EVs activate the NF-κΒ signalling pathway, resulting in the nitric oxide production. EcO83-EVs demonstrate significant potential as a postbiotic alternative to live bacteria, offering a safer option for therapeutic applications. Further research is required to explore their clinical use, particularly in mucosal vaccination and targeted immunotherapy strategies.
- MeSH
- aplikace intranazální * MeSH
- epitelové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli * metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoidní tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- makrofágy metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- plíce mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of probiotic bifidobacteria, isolated from Iranian fermented dairy products, in a hyperlipidemic animal model. Bifidobacterium strains were extracted from traditional dairy samples and screened using physiological and phenotypic examinations, 16S rRNA analysis, and probiotic properties such as tolerance to gastrointestinal juice, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic susceptibility. The ability of the screened bifidobacteria to reduce serum and liver lipids in vivo was tested using male Wistar rats. Six strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from traditional Iranian fermented dairy. These strains showed promising in vitro activity in lowering triglyceride and cholesterol, tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal juice, the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, acceptable antibiotic susceptibility, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The diet supplemented with isolated bifidobacteria significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver tissue lipid levels, and hepatic enzymes in animals when compared to a high-fat diet without strains (p < 0.01). Additionally, the potential probiotic-supplemented diet significantly increased bile acid excretion in the feces and upregulated hepatic CYP7A1 expression levels (p < 0.05), while NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP gene expressions in small intestinal cells were downregulated (p < 0.05). Bifidobacteria isolated from Iranian traditional dairy showed potential for use in the production of fermented foods that have hypolipemic activity in the host.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bifidobacterium * genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- cholesterol-7-alfa-hydroxylasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cholesterol krev metabolismus MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- hyperlipidemie * MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar * MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- triglyceridy krev metabolismus MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dietoterapie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- kyselina ursodeoxycholová aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Infekce močových cest představují spolu s respiračními infekcemi nejčastější zánětlivé onemocnění člověka. S ohledem na současnou situaci antibiotické rezistence jsou u nekomplikovaných recidivujících infekcí močových cest doporučovány i neantibiotické strategie léčby. Doporučením vhodných režimových opatření podpořených správně vybraným volně prodejným léčivým přípravkem, léčivou čajovou směsí nebo doplňkem stravy je možné efektivně naplnit neantibiotické strategie. Současné znalosti mikrobiomu jako modulátoru řady onemocnění přináší předpokládané pozitivní využití probiotik a bakteriálních lyzátů jako zajímavou alternativu u nekomplikovaných recidivujících infekcí močových cest.
Urinary tract infections, along with respiratory tract infections, are the most frequent inflammatory diseases in man. Given the current situation of antibiotic resistance, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are also recommended in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Non-antibiotic strategies can effectively be implemented by recommending appropriate daily routine measures supported by a well-chosen over-the-counter medicinal product, a healing tea blend, or a food supplement. Current knowledge of the microbiome as a modulator of a number of diseases has brought the anticipated positive use of probiotics and bacterial lysates as an interesting alternative in uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections.
Parodontitida je chronické multifaktoriální onemocnění, jehož výsledkem je progresivní destrukce závěsného aparátu zubů. Z hlediska etiologie je důležitá zejména přítomnost paropatogenů a vnímavost hostitele. Vzhledem k velmi omezeným možnostem ovlivnění vnímavosti hostitele zůstává metodou léčby subgingivální ošetření – mechanické očištění povrchu kořenů zubů od zubního kamene a plaku, často v kombinaci s antibiotiky nebo antiseptiky, aplikovanými lokálně nebo systémově. Při systémové aplikaci antibiotik byly popsány vedlejší účinky (průjmy, zvracení, kovová pachuť), nárůst bakteriální rezistence a možný výskyt alergických reakcí. Navíc v horizontu týdnů až měsíců dochází k rekolonizaci parodontu původními, agresivními bakteriemi, a tudíž jejich použití nemá dlouhodobý efekt. Hledají se proto nové terapeutické postupy pro snížení virulence paropatogenů nebo jejich eliminaci. Do popředí se dostávají teorie zabývající se orálním mikrobiomem a vlivem nedostatku „prospěšných“ bakterií. Ve většině studií se prokazuje pozitivní vliv probiotik z hlediska mikrobiologického, imunologického, ale i klinického. Cílem sdělení je seznámit čtenáře se současnými poznatky a možnostmi využití probiotik při léčbě parodontitidy.
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease, that results in the progressive destruction of periodontal attachment. Periopathogens and host susceptibility are of great importance in the etiology of the disease. However, there are very few ways of affecting the host ́s susceptibility, therefore deep scaling remains the golden standard of the treatment. Deep scaling is a mechanical debridement of root surfaces, often with a combination of antibiotics and/or antiseptics applied locally or systematically. Antibiotics, when used systematically, may have side effects (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste), an increase of bacterial resistance, and possibly allergic reactions. Moreover, in a matter of weeks or months, a re-colonization of periodontal pockets with aggressive bacteria occurs, so their use does not have a long-term effect. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are being sought to reduce the virulence or eliminate periopathogens. Theories dealing with the oral microbiome and the influence of the lack of ”beneficial“ bacteria became a matter of interest and most of studies have shown a positive microbiological, immunological, and even clinical effect of probiotics. The aim of this review is to familirize the use of probiotics in treatment of periodontitis.
- Klíčová slova
- Lactobacillus reuteri,
- MeSH
- chronická parodontitida * klasifikace patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- imunomodulace imunologie MeSH
- krvácení dásní farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parodontální chobot farmakoterapie MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- zubní plak farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Non-infectious uveitis is considered an autoimmune disease responsible for a significant burden of blindness in developed countries and recent studies have linked its pathogenesis to dysregulation of the gut microbiota. We tested the immunomodulatory properties of two probiotics, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and E. coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO), in a model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). To determine the importance of bacterial viability and treatment timing, mice were orally treated with live or autoclaved bacteria in both preventive and therapeutic schedules. Disease severity was assessed by ophthalmoscopy and histology, immune phenotypes in mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry and the gut immune environment was analyzed by RT-PCR and/or gut tissue culture. EcN, but not EcO, protected against EAU but only as a live organism and only when administered before or at the time of disease induction. Successful prevention of EAU was accompanied by a decrease in IRBP-specific T cell response in the lymph nodes draining the site of immunization as early as 7 days after the immunization and eye-draining cervical lymph nodes when the eye inflammation became apparent. Furthermore, EcN promoted an anti-inflammatory response in Peyer's patches, increased gut antimicrobial peptide expression and decreased production of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. In summary, we show here that EcN controls inflammation in EAU and suggest that probiotics may have a role in regulating the gut-eye axis.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci terapie MeSH
- Escherichia coli * MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice patologie MeSH
- uveitida terapie MeSH
- zánět terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: To investigate potential association between administration of corticosteroids, antibiotics, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), statins and metformin and outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 224 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at nine comprehensive cancer centers were analyzed in this national retrospective study. Survival statistics were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. RESULTS: Only corticosteroid use had a significant negative effect on the objective response rate. In the univariate analysis, there was no significant effect of the studied concomitant medications on the efficacy of nivolumab. In a subsequent multifactorial analysis, a possible positive effect of the concomitant use of NSAID at the initiation of nivolumab treatment was revealed. CONCLUSION: The results of the present retrospective exploratory analysis underscore the importance of knowing the exact type of concomitant medication, the route of administration, the dose of medication, and the region of the ongoing study. The present data indicated a significantly higher rate of progression in patients treated with corticosteroids and the possible positive effect of NSAID use at the initiation of nivolumab treatment.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- inhibitory protonové pumpy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- nádory plic farmakoterapie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic farmakoterapie MeSH
- nivolumab aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The prebiotics and probiotics market is constantly growing due to the positive effects of its consumption on human health, which extends beyond the digestive system. In addition, the synbiotic products market is also expanding due to the synergistic effects between pre- and probiotics that provide additional benefits to consumers. Pre- and probiotics are being evaluated for their effectiveness to treat and prevent infectious diseases in other parts of the human body where microbial communities exist. This review examines the scientific data related to the effects of pre- and probiotics on the treatment of diseases occurring in the skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. The evidence suggests that probiotics consumption can decrease the presence of eczema in children when their mothers have consumed probiotics during pregnancy and lactation. In women, probiotics consumption can effectively prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. The consumption of synbiotic products can reduce respiratory tract infections and their duration and severity. However, the outcomes of the meta-analyses are still limited and not sufficiently conclusive to support the use of probiotics to treat infectious diseases. This is largely a result of the limited number of studies, lack of standardization of the studies, and inconsistencies between the reported results. Therefore, it is advisable that future studies consider these shortcomings and include the evaluation of the combined use of pre- and probiotics.
- MeSH
- dýchací soustava účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- kůže účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prebiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- urogenitální systém účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH