This study examined the strength and shape of associations between perceived environmental attributes and adults' recreational walking, using data collected from 13,745 adult participants in 12 countries. Perceived residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, aesthetics, safety from crime, and proximity to parks were linearly associated with recreational walking, while curvilinear associations were found for residential density, land use mix, and aesthetics. The observed associations were consistent across countries, except for aesthetics. Using data collected from environmentally diverse countries, this study confirmed findings from prior single-country studies. Present findings suggest that similar environmental attributes are associated with recreational walking internationally.

Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia

Centre for Research and Action in Public Health Faculty of Health Canberra University Canberra Australia

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego USA

Department of Health Sciences Public University of Navarra Pamplona Navarra Spain

Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Department of Physiotherapy College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

Department of Public Health Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia

Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Studies Emory University Atlanta USA; Center for Nutrition and Health Research National Institute of Public Health Cuernavaca Mexico

Human Potential Centre Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Institute of Active Lifestyle Faculty of Physical Culture Palacký Universitsy Olomouc Czech Republic

Institute of Human Performance The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Melbourne Australia; Institute of Human Performance The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

School of Health and Biosciences Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana Curitiba Brazil; Department of Physical Education Federal University of Parana Curitiba Brazil

Spatial Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Group School of Population Health University of South Australia Adelaide SA 5001 Australia; Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia

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