• MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy

Geografické informacní systémy (GIS) umožnují kombinovat ruzné datové vrstvy zastaveného prostredí a díky tomu modelují oblasti s odlišnou mírou sídelní hustoty, konektivity, hustoty sportovních zarízení, dostupnosti služeb a rekreacních prvku. Hlavním cílem studie je analyzovat vztah mezi vybranými charakteristikami prostredí a úrovní pohybové aktivity (PA) dospelých obyvatel pomocí GIS. Výzkumný soubor tvorilo 70 náhodne vybraných obyvatel mesta Olomouce. Soubor byl vnitrne diferencován na základe indexu chodeckosti (spocítaném v GIS) a prumerného denního poctu kroku. Pro stanovení indexu chodeckosti, hlavního kritéria hodnocení vlivu prostredí na úroven PA, bylo nezbytné analyzovat v software ArcGIS 9.3 vybraná data: buffer bydlište, vrstva obydlených domu, vrstva stredních car ulicní síte, vrstva využití území (land-use mix), vrstva budov s obchodním využitím a demografická data. PA úcastníku byla monitorována pedometrem Yamax SW-700 v prubehu jednoho týdne. Vzhledem k vyššímu prumernému poctu kroku u obyvatel žijících v oblastech s vysokým indexem chodeckosti predpokládáme, že zastavené prostredí má vliv na úroven PA.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) combine different data layers of the built environment. GIS allow to model the area with varying degrees of residential density, connectivity, density of sports facilities, the availability of services and various recreational items. The main goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between selected environmental characteristics and level of physical activity (PA) of adult population using GIS. Dataset consisted of 70 randomly selected inhabitants of the Olomouc city. The dataset was divided into groups based on the walkability index (calculated in GIS) and average daily number of steps. To determine the walkability index, the main criteria for evaluating the impact of environment on PA level, it is necessary to analyze these data using software ArcGIS 9.3: neighborhood buffer, residential density, street network, land use mix, the layer of buildings with retail area and demographic data. Weeklong PA of participants was measured by using the Yamax SW-700 pedometer. Inhabitants with higher average number of steps live in high walkable areas. We expect that the built environment affects the level of PA.

• MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Only international studies can provide the full variability of built environments and accurately estimate effect sizes of relations between contrasting environments and health-related outcomes. The aims of the International Physical Activity and Environment Study of Adolescents (IPEN Adolescent) are to estimate the strength, shape and generalisability of associations of the community environment (geographic information systems (GIS)-based and self-reported) with physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometer-measured and self-reported) and weight status (normal/overweight/obese). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The IPEN Adolescent observational, cross-sectional, multicountry study involves recruiting adolescent participants (ages 11-19 years) and one parent/guardian from neighbourhoods selected to ensure wide variations in walkability and socioeconomic status using common protocols and measures. Fifteen geographically, economically and culturally diverse countries, from six continents, participated: Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hong Kong SAR, India, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain and USA. Countries provided survey and accelerometer data (15 countries), GIS data (11), global positioning system data (10), and pedestrian environment audit data (8). A sample of n=6950 (52.6% female; mean age=14.5, SD=1.7) adolescents provided survey data, n=4852 had 4 or more 8+ hours valid days of accelerometer data, and n=5473 had GIS measures. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by waist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers and self-reports, and body mass index was used to categorise weight status. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was received from each study site's Institutional Review Board for their in-country studies. Informed assent by adolescents and consent by parents was obtained for all participants. No personally identifiable information was transferred to the IPEN coordinating centre for pooled datasets. Results will be communicated through standard scientific channels and findings used to advance the science of environmental correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and weight status, with the ultimate goal to stimulate and guide actions to create more activity-supportive environments internationally.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí * MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH
• Bangladéš MeSH
• Belgie MeSH
• Brazílie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Hongkong MeSH
• Indie MeSH
• Izrael MeSH
• Malajsie MeSH
• Nigérie MeSH
• Nový Zéland MeSH
• Portugalsko MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

The search for determinants of adiposity gain in older women has become vitally important. This study aimed to (1) analyze the adiposity gain based on the participants' age and (2) determine the prospective associations of baseline intrapersonal, built environment, physical activity, and sedentary behavior variables with the adiposity gain in older women. This was a seven-year prospective study (baseline: 2009 to 2012; follow-up: 2016 to 2019) in older women (n = 178, baseline age = 62.8 ± 4.1 years). Baseline and follow-up adiposity (bioelectrical impedance) and baseline physical activity, sedentary behavior (accelerometers), and intrapersonal and built environment (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale questionnaire) variables were included. The body mass index (BMI) increment tended to be inversely associated with the women's age (p = 0.062). At follow-up, 48, 57, and 54% of the women had a relevant increase (d-Cohen > 0.2) in their BMI, percentage of body fat, and fat mass index, respectively. The women that spent ≥8 h/day being sedentary were 2.2 times (1.159 to 4.327 CI95%, p < 0.02) more likely to increase BMI (0.82 to 0.85 kg/m2) than non-sedentary women. No built environment variables were associated with seven-year adiposity gain (all ps > 0.05). A reduction in sedentary time should be promoted for adiposity gain prevention and health preservation in older women.

• MeSH
• adipozita * MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In order to study the relationship between human physical activity and the design of the built environment, it is important to measure the location of human movement accurately. In this study, we compared an inexpensive GPS receiver (Holux RCV-3000) and a frequently used Garmin Forerunner 35 smart watch, with a device that has been validated and recommended for physical activity research (Qstarz BT-Q1000XT). These instruments were placed on six geodetic points, which represented a range of different environments (e.g., residential, open space, park). The coordinates recorded by each device were compared with the known coordinates of the geodetic points. There were no differences in accuracy among the three devices when averaged across the six sites. However, the Garmin was more accurate in the city center and the Holux was more accurate in the park and housing estate areas compared to the other devices. We consider the location accuracy of the Holux and the Garmin to be comparable to that of the Qstarz. Therefore, we consider these devices to be suitable instruments for locating physical activity. Researchers must also consider other differences among these devices (such as battery life) when determining if they are suitable for their research studies.

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí * MeSH
• zdroje elektrické energie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Active commuting (AC) to school represents a great opportunity to incorporate walking or cycling into adolescents' everyday routine. The objective of the study was to describe changes in AC in Czech adolescents across a 10-year period in different built environments. Data from the 2001 and 2011 Czech Census of Population and Housing were used to examine the mode of transportation taken to school in 6236 adolescents. Changes in AC over time were analyzed for low and high walkable areas separately in two Czech regional cities, Olomouc and Hradec Králové. Between 2001 and 2011, the proportion of adolescents actively commuting to school decreased by 47%, from an absolute rate of 49.1% to 26%. The proportion of active commuters fell in low walkable areas by 61% and in high walkable areas by 39%. The results indicated that adolescents in 2011 were 2.7 times less (OR = 0.365, p < 0.001) likely to actively commute than in 2001. The AC behavior in Czech adolescents has a negative tendency to replicate travel-to-school patterns in adolescents previously described in more developed countries. The findings might serve as a recommendation for municipal policy.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• chůze statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cyklistika statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• doprava metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• školy MeSH
• studenti psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Research on physical activity in relation to obesity gradually becomes more focused on environmental determinants, which can potentially influence people's health choices. The present article addresses the topic of physical activity from a wider sociological perspective. Our pilot study was designed with the objective of testing the applicability of a method included in the EC 6th Framework Programme EURO-PREVOB, in the Czech context. The method examines specific determinants of the built environment that can have an impact on physical activity at the population level. In addition, the study aims to analyze possible differences in built environment indicators and their relation to the physical activity of people living in neighbourhoods with areas of varying socioeconomic status. METHODS: The field study was carried out in the city of Brno, Czech Republic, in 5 neighbourhood quintiles, i.e. areas divided according to the socioeconomic status of local residents. In each quintile, we evaluated the quality of the built environment according to the quality, aesthetics and safety of segregated cycle facilities, playgrounds/playing areas, public open spaces, marked road crossings and pavements as well as signs of incivilities and devastation. RESULTS: Between the five quintiles, significant differences were found in the quality of parks and playgrounds/playing areas, pavements, marking of pedestrian crossings, and in general aesthetics, i.e. signs of incivilities and devastation of the built environment. No differences were found in the quality and use of cycle facilities. CONCLUSIONS: The method we used for the evaluation of the built environment proved highly applicable in Czech populated areas. Monitoring of built environment indicators in the Czech Republic should provide a basis for health maps, showing potential associations between the prevalence of high-incidence, non-infectious diseases and various social determinants of physical activity. This information might help in achieving an improvement in these determinants at a community level and promoting an increase in physical activity at the population level.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• hra a hračky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The study aimed to examine associations of neighborhood built environments and proximity of food outlets (BE measures) with body weight status using pooled data from an international study (IPEN Adult). Objective BE measures were calculated using geographic information systems for 10,008 participants (4463 male, 45%) aged 16-66 years in 14 cities. Participants self-reported proximity to three types of food outlets. Outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and overweight/obesity status. Male and female weight status associations with BE measures were estimated by generalized additive mixed models. Proportion (95% CI) of overweight (BMI 25 to <30) ranged from 16.6% (13.1, 19.8) to 41.1% (37.3, 44.7), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) from 2.9% (1.3, 4.4) to 31.3% (27.7, 34.7), with Hong Kong being the lowest and Cuernavaca, Mexico highest for both proportions. Results differed by sex. Greater street intersection density, public transport density and perceived proximity to restaurants (males) were associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25). Proximity to public transport stops (females) was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity. Composite BE measures were more strongly related to BMI and overweight/obesity status than single variables among men but not women. One standard deviation improvement in the composite measures of BE was associated with small reductions of 0.1-0.5% in BMI but meaningful reductions of 2.5-5.3% in the odds of overweight/obesity. Effects were linear and generalizable across cities. Neighborhoods designed to support public transport, with food outlets within walking distance, may contribute to global obesity control.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• doprava statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• geografické informační systémy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• internacionalita * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• potraviny * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• restaurace * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

• MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy

BACKGROUND: In older adults, sedentary behaviors increase while physical activity decreases over time following the compositional nature of 24-h behaviors. These changes in movement-related behaviors (MRBs) might be associated with unhealthy weight gain and several health comorbidities. However, information is lacking on how obesity influences longitudinal changes in the composition of MRBs in older adults. Furthermore, the moderating effect of the built environment on prospective associations between obesity and MRBs in older adults is not fully understood. Therefore, using an integrated time-use approach, this study aims to identify prospective associations between obesity and MRBs together with an assessment of the moderating effect of the built environment in elderly women. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective 7-year follow-up study. It is based on two previous cross-sectional studies that enable the use of participant data (women aged 60+ years, n = 409) as a baseline dataset in the current study. All methods designed for 7-year follow-up are based on previous studies. The data collection comprises device-based measurement of MRBs (ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer), objective assessment of body adiposity (multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis), subjective assessment of the built environment (NEWS-A questionnaire), and other possible confounding factors. Time spent in sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity will be used as three components in a composition reflecting individual MRBs. In linear multiple compositional regression analysis assessing the prospective association between obesity and MRBs, the 7-year follow-up composition of the three mentioned components represents the dependent variable. The 7-year changes in the percentage of body fat (body adiposity), baseline composition of MRBs, and parameters of the built environment represent regressors. DISCUSSION: This study will use an integrated time-use approach to explore causality from obesity to device-measured behaviors in older women. The design and respective analysis consider the compositional nature of MRBs data and the potential moderating effects of various factors. A comprehensive assessment of causality may help to develop multilevel interventional models that enhance physical activity in older adults.

• MeSH
• adipozita * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• obezita komplikace   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH