In Europe, many technologies with high socio-economic benefits face materials requirements that are often affected by demand-supply disruption. This paper offers an overview of critical raw materials in high value alloys and metal-matrix composites used in critical applications, such as energy, transportation and machinery manufacturing associated with extreme working conditions in terms of temperature, loading, friction, wear and corrosion. The goal is to provide perspectives about the reduction and/or substitution of selected critical raw materials: Co, W, Cr, Nb and Mg.

Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning Università Politecnica delle Marche Via Brecce Bianche 12 60131 Ancona Italy

Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6 21000 Novi Sad Serbia

Institute of Mechanics Montanuniversität Leoben Franz Josef Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria

Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development Casaccia Research Centre Via Anguillarese 301 00123 Rome Italy

National R and D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals Biruintei Blvd No 102 077145 Pantelimon Romania

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