7-Deazapurine (pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) nucleosides are important analogues of biogenic purine nucleosides with diverse biological activities. Replacement of the N7 atom with a carbon atom makes the five-membered ring more electron rich and brings a possibility of attaching additional substituents at the C7 position. This often leads to derivatives with increased base-pairing in DNA or RNA or better binding to enzymes. Several types of 7-deazapurine nucleosides with potent cytostatic or cytotoxic effects have been identified. The most promising are 7-hetaryl-7-deazaadenosines, which are activated in cancer cells by phosphorylation and get incorporated both to RNA (causing inhibition of proteosynthesis) and to DNA (causing DNA damage). Mechanism of action of other types of cytostatic nucleosides, 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine and thieno-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, is not yet known. Many 7-deazaadenosine derivatives are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinases. Many types of sugar-modified derivatives of 7-deazapurine nucleosides are also strong antivirals. Most important are 2'-C-methylribo- or 2'-C-methyl-2'-fluororibonucleosides with anti-HCV activities (several compounds underwent clinical trials). Some underexplored areas of potential interest are also outlined.

Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague CZ 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences CZ 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic

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Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Quinolino-Fused 7-Deazapurine Nucleosides

Pyrido-Fused Deazapurine Bases: Synthesis and Glycosylation of 4-Substituted 9H-Pyrido[2',3':4,5]- and Pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines

C-H Imidation of 7-Deazapurines