Collagen composite scaffolds have been used for a number of studies in tissue engineering. The hydration of such highly porous and hydrophilic structures may influence mechanical behaviour and porosity due to swelling. The differences in physical properties following hydration would represent a significant limiting factor for the seeding, growth and differentiation of cells in vitro and the overall applicability of such hydrophilic materials in vivo. Scaffolds based on collagen matrix, poly(DL-lactide) nanofibers, calcium phosphate particles and sodium hyaluronate with 8 different material compositions were characterised in the dry and hydrated states using X-ray microcomputed tomography, compression tests, hydraulic permeability measurement, degradation tests and infrared spectrometry. Hydration, simulating the conditions of cell seeding and cultivation up to 48 h and 576 h, was found to exert a minor effect on the morphological parameters and permeability. Conversely, hydration had a major statistically significant effect on the mechanical behaviour of all the tested scaffolds. The elastic modulus and compressive strength of all the scaffolds decreased by ~95%. The quantitative results provided confirm the importance of analysing scaffolds in the hydrated rather than the dry state since the former more precisely simulates the real environment for which such materials are designed.

Biomedical Centre Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 76 Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Composites and Carbon Materials Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 5 Holesovickach 41 Prague 8 182 09 Czech Republic

Department of Stomatology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Katerinska 32 12801 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy

Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Ke Karlovu 2 Prague 2 128 08 Czech Republic

Laboratory of Biomechanics Department of Mechanics Biomechanics and Mechatronics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technicka 4 Prague 6 166 07 Czech Republic

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