Photosystem II (PSII) catalyses the photoinduced oxygen evolution and, by producing reducing equivalents drives, in concert with PSI, the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugars. Our knowledge about the architecture of the reaction centre (RC) complex and the mechanisms of charge separation and stabilisation is well advanced. However, our understanding of the processes associated with the functioning of RC is incomplete: the photochemical activity of PSII is routinely monitored by chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction but the presently available data are not free of controversy. In this work, we examined the nature of gradual fluorescence rise of PSII elicited by trains of single-turnover saturating flashes (STSFs) in the presence of a PSII inhibitor, permitting only one stable charge separation. We show that a substantial part of the fluorescence rise originates from light-induced processes that occur after the stabilisation of charge separation, induced by the first STSF; the temperature-dependent relaxation characteristics suggest the involvement of conformational changes in the additional rise. In experiments using double flashes with variable waiting times (∆τ) between them, we found that no rise could be induced with zero or short ∆τ, the value of which depended on the temperature - revealing a previously unknown rate-limiting step in PSII.

Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Chittussiho 10 CZ 710 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986 4a 603 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research Centre Hungarian Academy of Sciences Temesvári körút 62 H 6726 Szeged Hungary

Photosynthesis Research Center Key Laboratory of Photobiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 1 1 Naka 3 chome Tsushima Okayama 700 8530 Japan

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Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor

Revisiting the nonregulatory, constitutive nonphotochemical quenching of the absorbed light energy in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

Effects of lipids on the rate-limiting steps in the dark-to-light transition of Photosystem II core complex of Thermostichus vulcanus

Editorial

Characterization of the Rate-Limiting Steps in the Dark-To-Light Transitions of Closed Photosystem II: Temperature Dependence and Invariance of Waiting Times during Multiple Light Reactions

Light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre complexes: physiological roles and physical mechanisms

Insights on the regulation of photosynthesis in pea leaves exposed to oscillating light

Dependence of the rate-limiting steps in the dark-to-light transition of photosystem II on the lipidic environment of the reaction center

Light quality, oxygenic photosynthesis and more

Photosynthesis dynamics and regulation sensed in the frequency domain

Light-adapted charge-separated state of photosystem II: structural and functional dynamics of the closed reaction center

Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling

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