The term neurodegenerative diseases include a long list of diseases affecting the nervous system that are characterized by the degeneration of different neurological structures. Among them, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are the most representative ones. The vast majority of cases are sporadic and results from the interaction of genes and environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among environmental conditions, electromagnetic field exposure has begun to be assessed as a potential risk factor for neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the existing literature regarding electromagnetic fields and neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological studies in AD, PD, and ALS have shown discordant results; thus, a clear correlation between electromagnetic exposure and neurodegeneration has not been demonstrated. In addition, we discuss the role of electromagnetic radiation as a potential non-invasive therapeutic strategy for some neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for PD and AD.

CIBERNED Barcelona Spain

Department of Environmental Engineering Democritus University of Thrace 67100 Xanthi Greece

Environmental and Networking Technologies and Applications Unit Athena Research and Innovation Center 67100 Xanthi Greece

Geography and Planning Department Geobiomet Research Group University of Cantabria Santander Spain

Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Chaberská 1014 57 182 51 Prague Czech Republic

Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Cantabria Santander Spain

Medicine and Psychiatry Department University of Cantabria Santander Spain

Service of Internal Medicine Hospital Sierrallana Torrelavega Spain

Service of Neurology Hospital Sierrallana IDIVAL Barrio Ganzo s n 39300 Torrelavega Spain

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