Far too little attention has been paid to health effects of air pollution and physical (in)activity on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of the Healthy aging in industrial environment study (4HAIE) is to investigate the potential impact of physical activity in highly polluted air on musculoskeletal health. A total of 1500 active runners and inactive controls aged 18-65 will be recruited. The sample will be recruited using quota sampling based on location (the most air-polluted region in EU and a control region), age, sex, and activity status. Participants will complete online questionnaires and undergo a two-day baseline laboratory assessment, including biomechanical, physiological, psychological testing, and magnetic resonance imaging. Throughout one-year, physical activity data will be collected through Fitbit monitors, along with data regarding the incidence of injuries, air pollution, psychological factors, and behavior collected through a custom developed mobile application. Herein, we introduce a biomechanical and musculoskeletal protocol to investigate musculoskeletal and neuro-mechanical health in this 4HAIE cohort, including a design for controlling for physiological and psychological injury factors. In the current ongoing project, we hypothesize that there will be interactions of environmental, biomechanical, physiological, and psychosocial variables and that these interactions will cause musculoskeletal diseases/protection.

Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff CF5 2YB UK

Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV 89154 USA

Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA

High Field MR Centre Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria

Human Motion Diagnostic Center Department of Human Movement Studies University of Ostrava 70200 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR 142 20 Prague Czech Republic

Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology University of Oulu FI 90014 Oulu Finland

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