Zoonotic pathogen transmission is considered a leading threat to the survival of non-human primates and public health in shared landscapes. Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Microsporidia are unicellular parasites spread by the fecal-oral route by environmentally resistant stages and can infect humans, livestock, and wildlife including non-human primates. Using immunoassay diagnostic kits and amplification/sequencing of the region of the triosephosphate isomerase, small ribosomal subunit rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer genes, we investigated Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and microsporidia infections, respectively, among humans, domesticated animals (livestock, poultry, and dogs), and wild nonhuman primates (eastern chimpanzees and black and white colobus monkeys) in Bulindi, Uganda, an area of remarkably high human-animal contact and spatial overlap. We analyzed 137 fecal samples and revealed the presence of G. intestinalis assemblage B in two human isolates, G. intestinalis assemblage E in one cow isolate, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype II in two humans and one goat isolate. None of the chimpanzee and colobus monkey samples were positive for any of the screened parasites. Regular distribution of antiparasitic treatment in both humans and domestic animals in Bulindi could have reduced the occurrence of the screened parasites and decreased potential circulation of these pathogens among host species.

Anicoon Vétérinaires Ploemeur 56260 Larmor Plage France

Biology Centre Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Budongo Conservation Field Station Masindi P O Box 362 Uganda

Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project Hoima P O Box 245 Uganda

Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford OX3 0BP UK

Faculty of Agriculture University of South Bohemia 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences 603 65 Brno Czech Republic

Liberec Zoo 460 01 Liberec Czech Republic

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