Chronic brain recordings suggest that seizure risk is not uniform, but rather varies systematically relative to daily (circadian) and multiday (multidien) cycles. Here, one human and seven dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy had continuous intracranial EEG (median 298 days) using novel implantable sensing and stimulation devices. Two pet dogs and the human subject received concurrent thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) over multiple months. All subjects had circadian and multiday cycles in the rate of interictal epileptiform spikes (IES). There was seizure phase locking to circadian and multiday IES cycles in five and seven out of eight subjects, respectively. Thalamic DBS modified circadian (all 3 subjects) and multiday (analysis limited to the human participant) IES cycles. DBS modified seizure clustering and circadian phase locking in the human subject. Multiscale cycles in brain excitability and seizure risk are features of human and canine epilepsy and are modifiable by thalamic DBS.

Cadence Neuroscience Seattle WA 98052 USA

Czech Institute of Informatics Robotics and Cybernetics Czech Technical University Prague 160 00 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Department of Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine St Paul MN 55108 USA

Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague 272 01 Kladno Czech Republic

Institute for Biomedical Engineering Oxford University Oxford OX3 7DQ UK

International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and the Medical Scientist Training Program Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

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