Brassica napus (rapeseed) is the second most important oilseed crop worldwide. Global rise in average ambient temperature and extreme weather severely impact rapeseed seed yield. However, fewer research explained the phenotype changes caused by moderate-to-high temperatures in rapeseed. To investigate these events, we determined the long-term response of three spring cultivars to different temperature regimes (21/18°C, 28/18°C, and 34/18°C) mimicking natural temperature variations. The analysis focused on the plant appearance, seed yield, quality and viability, and embryo development. Our microscopic observations suggest that embryonic development is accelerated and defective in high temperatures. Reduced viable seed yield at warm ambient temperature is due to a reduced fertilization rate, increased abortion rate, defective embryonic development, and pre-harvest sprouting. Reduced auxin levels in young seeds and low ABA and auxin levels in mature seeds may cause embryo pattern defects and reduced seed dormancy, respectively. Glucosinolates and oil composition measurements suggest reduced seed quality. These identified cues help understand seed thermomorphogenesis and pave the way to developing thermoresilient rapeseed.

Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics CEITEC MU Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czechia

Laboratory of Growth Regulators Faculty of Science Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Olomouc Czechia

National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czechia

Plant Sciences Core Facility Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics CEITEC MU Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czechia

Research Institute of Oilseed Crops Opava Czechia

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Integrative phenotyping analyses reveal the relevance of the phyB-PIF4 pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana reproductive organs at high ambient temperature

Transcriptome analysis of thermomorphogenesis in ovules and during early seed development in Brassica napus