Materiály a metody: Provedli jsme analýzu na 231 těhotných ženách. Proktolog provedl vyšetření pacientek třikrát: v I. trimestru (během prvních 15 týdnů), ve III. trimestru (29–40 týdnů) a 12 měsíců po porodu. Výsledky: Celkový počet pozorování fekální inkontinence u žen zapojených do studie byl 66 případů (28,6 %) zjištěných během poslední návštěvy. Rizikovými faktory pro fekální inkontinenci byl s vysokou pravděpodobností věk > 36 let (p = 0,001), nízká fyzická aktivita (p = 0,034), tři a více těhotenství s porodem (p = 0,022), anamnéza hemoroidů (p = 0,027), perianální diskomfort při první návštěvě (p = 0,045) a zácpa při první návštěvě (p = 0,006). Diskuze: Rizikové faktory spojené s těhotenstvím a porodem, které přispívají k výskytu fekální inkontinence, jsou multifaktoriální a zahrnují např. vícečetné porody spojené s poškozením pánevních svalů nebo svalů análního svěrače, chronickou zácpu, věk a vaginální porody, nicméně momentálně neexistuje jasný koncept prevence fekální inkontinence u těhotných žen. Závěr: Prevalence fekální inkontinence u těhotných žen činí 12,9 % a po roce od porodu stoupá na 28,6 %. Nejběžnějším symptomem byl nepřirozený únik střevních plynů. Rizikové faktory spojené s výskytem fekální inkontinence zahrnovaly věk > 36 let, nízkou fyzickou aktivitu, tři nebo více těhotenství vedoucích k porodu, anamnézu hemoroidů, perianální nepohodlí a zácpu v I. trimestru těhotenství.
Materials and methods: We conducted an analysis on 231 pregnant women. A proctologist examined the patients three times: in the 1st trimester (within the first 15 weeks), in the 3rd trimester (29–40 weeks), and 12 months after childbirth. Results: The total number of fecal incontinence observations among women included in the study was 66 cases (28.6%), detected at the final visit. Risk factors for fecal incontinence with a high probability were age over 36 years (P = 0.001), low physical activity (P = 0.034), three or more pregnancies resulting in childbirth (P = 0.022), history of hemorrhoids (P = 0.027), perianal discomfort on the first visit (P = 0.045), and constipation on the first visit (P = 0.006). Factors such as being overweight, marital status, education, living conditions, living area, and infant size did not have significance for fecal incontinence. Discussion: Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors contributing to fecal incontinence are multifactorial, including factors such as multiple childbirths with trauma to the pelvic muscles or anal sphincter muscles, chronic constipation, age, and vaginal deliveries. However, currently, there is no clear concept for the prevention of fecal incontinence in pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of fecal incontinence among pregnant women is 12.9%, which increases to 28.6% one year after childbirth. The most common complaint was involuntary passage of intestinal gas. Risk factors for fecal incontinence with a high probability included being over 36-years old, low physical activity, three or more pregnancies resulting in childbirth, a history of hemorrhoids, perianal discomfort, and constipation in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
The ongoing pandemic disaster of coronavirus erupted with the first confirmed cases in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) novel coronavirus, the disease referred to as coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed the outbreak and determined it a global pandemic. The current pandemic has infected nearly 300 million people and killed over 3 million. The current COVID-19 pandemic is smashing every public health barrier, guardrail, and safety measure in underdeveloped and the most developed countries alike, with peaks and troughs across time. Greatly impacted are those regions experiencing conflict and war. Morbidity and mortality increase logarithmically for those communities at risk and that lack the ability to promote basic preventative measures. States around the globe struggle to unify responses, make gains on preparedness levels, identify and symptomatically treat positive cases, and labs across the globe frantically rollout various vaccines and effective surveillance and therapeutic mechanisms. The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 may continue to increase globally as no unified disaster response is manifested and disinformation spreads. During this failure in response, virus variants are erupting at a dizzying pace. Ungoverned spaces where nonstate actors predominate and active war zones may become the next epicenter for COVID-19 fatality rates. As the incidence rates continue to rise, hospitals in North America and Europe exceed surge capacity, and immunity post infection struggles to be adequately described. The global threat in previously high-quality, robust infrastructure health-care systems in the most developed economies are failing the challenge posed by COVID-19; how will less-developed economies and those health-care infrastructures that are destroyed by war and conflict fare until adequate vaccine penetrance in these communities or adequate treatment are established? Ukraine and other states in the Black Sea Region are under threat and are exposed to armed Russian aggression against territorial sovereignty daily. Ukraine, where Russia has been waging war since 2014, faces this specific dual threat: disaster response to violence and a deadly infectious disease. To best serve biosurveillance, aid in pandemic disaster response, and bolster health security in Europe, across the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO) and Black Sea regions, increased NATO integration, across Ukraine's disaster response structures within the Ministries of Health, Defense, and Interior must be reinforced and expanded to mitigate the COVID-19 disaster.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ukrajina MeSH
PURPOSE: There is disregard in the scientific literature for the evaluation of psychiatric in-patient care as rated directly by patients. In this context, we aimed to explore satisfaction of people treated in mental health in-patient facilities. The project was a part of the Young Psychiatrist Program by the Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes. METHODS: This is an international multicentre cross-sectional study conducted in 25 hospitals across 11 countries. The research team at each study site approached a consecutive target sample of 30 discharged patients to measure their satisfaction using the five-item study-specific questionnaire. Individual and institution level correlates of 'low satisfaction' were examined by comparisons of binary and multivariate associations in multilevel regression models. RESULTS: A final study sample consisted of 673 participants. Total satisfaction scores were highly skewed towards the upper end of the scale, with a median total score of 44 (interquartile range 38-48) out of 50. After taking clustering into account, the only independent correlates of low satisfaction were schizophrenia diagnosis and low psychiatrist to patient ratio. CONCLUSION: Further studies on patients' satisfaction should additionally pay attention to treatment expectations formed by the previous experience of treatment, service-related knowledge, stigma and patients' disempowerment, and power imbalance.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy terapie MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- propuštění pacienta MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ústavy pro duševně nemocné * MeSH
- víceúrovňová analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: One of the pathogenic mechanisms of the progression non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). So, antioxidant therapy is necessary for successful treatment of the liver injury. We have paid attention to melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 as novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents with low toxicity. In current study we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of melanin on the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced NAFLD model in rats. METHODS: The study was carried out on 45 Wistar rats that were divided into 3 groups: intact, MSG- and MSG+melanin groups (n=15 in each group). Newborn rats of MSG- and MSG+melanin groups were administered with MSG (4mg/g, 8μl/g, subcutaneously) at 2nd-10th days of life. Since the age of 1 month, rats of MSG-group were treated with water (0.25ml/100g), rats of MSG+melanin groups-with melanin (1mg/kg) dissolved in water (0.25ml/100g). INTRODUCTION: had been performed intermittently (two-week courses alternated with two-week breaks) for 3 months. In 4-month rats anthropometrical parameters and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass were estimated. To assess morphological changes in liver we used NAS (NAFLD activity score). The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12Bp40, interferon (INF)-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: We found significantly lower total score (1.0±0.19 vs 3.33±0.36, p<0.001), degree of steatosis (0.73±0.18 vs 1.80±0.17, p<0.001) and manifestation of lobular inflammation (0.27±0.11 vs 1.20±0.17, p<0.001) due to NAFLD activity score in MSG+melanin group compared to MSG-obesity. NASH we confirmed only in 33.3% of rats with MSG-obesity that was significantly higher than after melanin (6.7%) administration (p=0.033). Melanin administration reduce amount of visceral fat on 44.5% (p<0.001) as compared to MSG-obesity group. Melanin reduced the content of IL-1β in rat serum and restored the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) to the control values. CONCLUSION: Thus, the administration of melanin can prevent development of NAFLD/NASH in rats with MSG-induced obesity and can be considered as possible novel therapeutic agents but further studies to confirm its action needed.
- MeSH
- abdominální obezita chemicky indukované prevence a kontrola MeSH
- adipokiny metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- glutamát sodný MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- melaniny farmakologie MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater chemicky indukované patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- polyfenoly farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- tuková tkáň účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Práce předkládá výsledky výzkumu vlivu prášku houby Ganoderma lucidum na imunitu zprostředkovanou T-buňkami u zdravých myší a myší s potlačenou imunitou linie CBA/Ca. Použita byla zkouška opožděného typu hypersenzitivity. Experimentální imunodeficience byla navozena první den pokusu intraperitoneální injekcí imunosupresivní látky cyklofosfamidu v dávce 150 mg/kg. Výsledky studie ukazují, že podání prášku Ganoderma lucidum v dávce 0,5 mg/kg perorálně po 10 dní zvyšuje odpověď opožděného typu hypersenzitivity u zdravých myší CBA/Ca. Podání 0,5 mg/kg prášku houby Ganoderma lucidum po 10 dní blokovalo rozvoj imunosuprese zprostředkované T-buňkami vyvolané podáním cyklofosfamidu a obnovilo reakci opožděného typu hypersenzitivity u myší s potlačenou imunitou.
The article presents the results of the investigation of the effect of biomass powder of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum on T-cell-mediated immunity in normal and immunosuppressed mice CBA/Ca. Delayed-type hypersensitivity assay was used. Experimental immunodeficiency was established with intraperitoneal injection of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 150 mg/kg on the first day of the experiment. Results of the study show that the administration of biomass powder of Ganoderma lucidum in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg orally for 10 days increases the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in normal mice CBA/Ca. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg of biomass powder of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum for 10 days blocked the development of the T-cell-mediated immunosuppression, induced by administration of cyclophosphamide and restored the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in immunosuppressed mice.
- MeSH
- buněčná imunita účinky léků MeSH
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cytologické techniky MeSH
- Ganoderma * cytologie imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- imunitní systém účinky léků MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
