The present study was conducted to evaluate the methanolic extracts from several plant leaves widely used in traditional medicine to cure digestive tract disorders and in the self-medication of wild animals such as non-human primates, namely Archidendron fagifolium, Diospyros sumatrana, Shorea sumatrana, and Piper betle leaves, with regard to their antimicrosporidial activity against Encephalitozoon cuniculi in immunocompetent BALB/c mice determined using molecular detection of microsporidial DNA (qPCR) in various tissues and body fluids of infected, treated mice. Of the plant extracts tested, Diospyros sumatrana provided the most promising results, reducing spore shedding by 88% compared to untreated controls. Moreover, total burden per 1 g of tissue in the D. sumatrana extract-treated group reached 87% reduction compared to untreated controls, which was comparable to the effect of the standard drug, Albendazole. This data represents the baseline necessary for further research focused on determining the structure, activity and modes of action of the active compounds, mainly of D. sumatrana, enabling subsequent development of antimicrosporidial remedies.
- MeSH
- albendazol farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- dimethylsulfoxid farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Diospyros chemie MeSH
- Dipterocarpaceae chemie MeSH
- DNA fungální izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi účinky léků MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Fabaceae chemie MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunokompetence MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Piper betle chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- spory hub účinky léků MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
Cytokinins, a class of phytohormones, are adenine derivatives common to many different organisms. In plants, these play a crucial role as regulators of plant development and the reaction to abiotic and biotic stress. Key enzymes in the cytokinin synthesis and degradation in modern land plants are the isopentyl transferases and the cytokinin dehydrogenases, respectively. Their encoding genes have been probably introduced into the plant lineage during the primary endosymbiosis. To shed light on the evolution of these proteins, the genes homologous to plant adenylate isopentenyl transferase and cytokinin dehydrogenase were amplified from the genomic DNA of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The putative isopentenyl transferase was shown to be functional in a biochemical assay. In contrast, no enzymatic activity was detected for the putative cytokinin dehydrogenase, even though the principal domains necessary for its function are present. Several mutant variants, in which conserved amino acids in land plant cytokinin dehydrogenases had been restored, were inactive. A combination of experimental data with phylogenetic analysis indicates that adenylate-type isopentenyl transferases might have evolved several times independently. While the Nostoc genome contains a gene coding for protein with characteristics of cytokinin dehydrogenase, the organism is not able to break down cytokinins in the way shown for land plants.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- mutageneze cílená MeSH
- Nostoc enzymologie genetika MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- prenyltransferáza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
- tabák enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
