Piper betle has been used as a medicinal plant in traditional medical systems throughout South and South East Asia. Experimental studies have revealed its wide and diverse biological and pharmacological effects. In this study, antigiardial activity of Piper betle was tested using experimental infections of Giardia intestinalis, the most common cause of protozoal diarrhoea worldwide, in Mongolian gerbils. Plants were extracted in water, methanol and methanol:tetrahydrofuran. Gerbils were treated for ten days intragastrically twice a day, with the dose of 40 mg of the extract per 100 g of body weight. Drug metronidazole was used as a negative control. Gerbils' faeces were taken every day and examined by flotation method, the number of shed cysts were counted using a haemocytometer. After gerbils' sacrifice and dissection, their duodena were then processed for examination using histological sectioning and scanning electron microscopy. The antigiardial activity was evaluated by the course of cyst shedding throughout the entire experiment. A significant decline in cyst shedding, evaluated by linear regression was found in gerbils treated with the aqueous extract. Our results indicate that the aqueous extract of P. betle shows giardicidal effects.
- MeSH
- antiprotozoální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- Gerbillinae MeSH
- Giardia lamblia účinky léků ultrastruktura MeSH
- giardiáza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- lyofilizace MeSH
- metronidazol farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- Piper betle chemie MeSH
- průjem farmakoterapie parazitologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tenké střevo parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
The emergence of cryptosporidiosis, a zoonotic disease of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract caused by Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907, triggered numerous screening studies of various compounds for potential anti-cryptosporidial activity, the majority of which proved ineffective. Extracts of Indonesian plants, Piper betle and Diospyros sumatrana, were tested for potential anti-cryptosporidial activity using Mastomys coucha (Smith), experimentally inoculated with Cryptosporidium proliferans Kváč, Havrdová, Hlásková, Daňková, Kanděra, Ježková, Vítovec, Sak, Ortega, Xiao, Modrý, Chelladurai, Prantlová et McEvoy, 2016. None of the plant extracts tested showed significant activity against cryptosporidia; however, the results indicate that the following issues should be addressed in similar experimental studies. The monitoring of oocyst shedding during the entire experimental trial, supplemented with histological examination of affected gastric tissue at the time of treatment termination, revealed that similar studies are generally unreliable if evaluations of drug efficacy are based exclusively on oocyst shedding. Moreover, the reduction of oocyst shedding did not guarantee the eradication of cryptosporidia in treated individuals. For treatment trials performed on experimentally inoculated laboratory rodents, only animals in the advanced phase of cryptosporidiosis should be used for the correct interpretation of pathological alterations observed in affected tissue. All the solvents used (methanol, methanol-tetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxid) were shown to be suitable for these studies, i.e. they did not exhibit negative effects on the subjects. The halofuginone lactate, routinely administered in intestinal cryptosporidiosis in calves, was shown to be ineffective against gastric cryptosporidiosis in mice caused by C. proliferans. In contrast, the control application of extract Arabidopsis thaliana, from which we had expected a neutral effect, turned out to have some positive impact on affected gastric tissue.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium účinky léků MeSH
- Diospyros chemie MeSH
- kokcidiostatika farmakologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Murinae * MeSH
- Piper betle chemie MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv veterinární MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present study was conducted to evaluate the methanolic extracts from several plant leaves widely used in traditional medicine to cure digestive tract disorders and in the self-medication of wild animals such as non-human primates, namely Archidendron fagifolium, Diospyros sumatrana, Shorea sumatrana, and Piper betle leaves, with regard to their antimicrosporidial activity against Encephalitozoon cuniculi in immunocompetent BALB/c mice determined using molecular detection of microsporidial DNA (qPCR) in various tissues and body fluids of infected, treated mice. Of the plant extracts tested, Diospyros sumatrana provided the most promising results, reducing spore shedding by 88% compared to untreated controls. Moreover, total burden per 1 g of tissue in the D. sumatrana extract-treated group reached 87% reduction compared to untreated controls, which was comparable to the effect of the standard drug, Albendazole. This data represents the baseline necessary for further research focused on determining the structure, activity and modes of action of the active compounds, mainly of D. sumatrana, enabling subsequent development of antimicrosporidial remedies.
- MeSH
- albendazol farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- dimethylsulfoxid farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Diospyros chemie MeSH
- Dipterocarpaceae chemie MeSH
- DNA fungální izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi účinky léků MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Fabaceae chemie MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunokompetence MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Piper betle chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- spory hub účinky léků MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
