OBJECTIVES: This is a review article that deals with the question of whether type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database and relevant publications were selected for review. The introduction, which describes the possibilities of how type 2 diabetes can affect the development of Alzheimer's disease, is followed by other questions related to this issue: May on the contrary Alzheimer's disease induce type 2 diabetes? What is a relative risk for type 2 diabetes to induce dementia? How type 2 diabetes influence conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease? What is the role of antidiabetic medication? Proposition of term "type 3 diabetes" for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to increase the risk for cognitive decline and dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Despite extensive research and numerous publications, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Because of similar molecular and cellular features among type 1 and type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance associated with memory deficit and cognitive decline, some researches proposed the term "type 3 diabetes" for Alzheimer's disease.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- hypoglykemika terapeutické užití MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: We report on a 52-year-old male patient with tumefactive demyelination of the spinal cord. SETTING: University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia. BACKGROUND: In contrast to relatively frequent tumefactive fulminant lesions in the brain, cases affecting the spinal cord in isolation have been reported less frequently. METHODS: Description of the case report. RESULTS: Clinical, neuroradiological and necropsy findings are described in a 52-year-old man with tumefactive fulminant demyelination of the spinal cord. Progression of the demyelination process produced paraplegia, mild paresis of the right upper limb, neurogenic bladder and sensitive loss over 2 weeks. MRI scans revealed several ovoid lesions in cervical segments and tumefactive T2-hyperintense signals with oedema and post-contrast enhancement located in thoracic segments Th3 to Th6. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination displayed lymphomonocytic pleocytosis with normal proteinorhachia, positive CSF oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) and elevated IgG index (1.55). Serum anti-AQP4-Ab was not tested. Stored frozen CSF samples were later repeatedly examined with negative findings of anti-AQP4-Ab. Treatment with high-dose methylprednisolon and plasma exchange had limited effect. Immunosuppressive medication was interrupted because of an acute urinary infection. The patient died suddenly because of pulmonary embolism as a secondary complication. Histopathology of the spinal cord confirmed active demyelination. We considered that tumefactive demyelination could be a variant of neuromyelitis optica. CONCLUSION: Our case could be anti-AQP4-Ab-negative longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, a variant of neuromyelitis optica.
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- methylprednisolon terapeutické užití MeSH
- mícha patologie MeSH
- neuroprotektivní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- oligoklonální proužky MeSH
- poranění míchy komplikace patologie terapie MeSH
- transverzální myelitida komplikace patologie terapie MeSH
- výměna plazmy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
