BACKGROUND: Advances in paediatric type 1 diabetes management and increased use of diabetes technology have led to improvements in glycaemia, reduced risk of severe hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. Since 1993, progressively lower HbA1c targets have been set. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of HbA1c, treatment regimens, and acute complications between 2013 and 2022 using data from eight national and one international paediatric diabetes registries. METHODS: In this longitudinal analysis, we obtained data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network, Czech National Childhood Diabetes Register, Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry, Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, England and Wales' National Paediatric Diabetes Audit, Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative, and the SWEET initiative. All children (aged ≤18 years) with type 1 diabetes with a duration of longer than 3 months were included. Investigators compared data from 2013 to 2022; analyses performed on data were pre-defined and conducted separately by each respective registry. Data on demographics, HbA1c, treatment regimen, and event rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia were collected. ANOVA was performed to compare means between registries and years. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study significant breakpoints in temporal trends. FINDINGS: In 2022, data were available for 109 494 children from the national registries and 35 590 from SWEET. Between 2013 and 2022, the aggregated mean HbA1c decreased from 8·2% (95% CI 8·1-8·3%; 66·5 mmol/mol [65·2-67·7]) to 7·6% (7·5-7·7; 59·4mmol/mol [58·2-60·5]), and the proportion of participants who had achieved HbA1c targets of less than 7% (<53 mmol/mol) increased from 19·0% to 38·8% (p<0·0001). In 2013, the aggregate event rate of severe hypoglycaemia rate was 3·0 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·9) compared with 1·7 events per 100 person-years (1·0-2·7) in 2022. In 2013, the aggregate event rate of diabetic ketoacidosis was 3·1 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·8) compared with 2·2 events per 100 person-years (1·4-3·4) in 2022. The proportion of participants with insulin pump use increased from 42·9% (95% CI 40·4-45·5) in 2013 to 60·2% (95% CI 57·9-62·6) in 2022 (mean difference 17·3% [13·8-20·7]; p<0·0001), and the proportion of participants using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increased from 18·7% (95% CI 9·5-28·0) in 2016 to 81·7% (73·0-90·4) in 2022 (mean difference 63·0% [50·3-75·7]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Between 2013 and 2022, glycaemic outcomes have improved, parallel to increased use of diabetes technology. Many children had HbA1c higher than the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) 2022 target. Reassuringly, despite targeting lower HbA1c, severe hypoglycaemia event rates are decreasing. Even for children with type 1 diabetes who have access to specialised diabetes care and diabetes technology, further advances in diabetes management are required to assist with achieving ISPAD glycaemic targets. FUNDING: None. TRANSLATIONS: For the Norwegian, German, Czech, Danish and Swedish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * epidemiologie krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin * analýza MeSH
- hypoglykemie epidemiologie MeSH
- hypoglykemika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- krevní glukóza * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- registrace * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- regulace glykemie statistika a číselné údaje metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Introduction: Olive (Olea uropeae) is a traditional plant containing oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are useful and used empirically for treating diabetes mellitus.Objective: To review the potential of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol as an evidence base for diabetes potential treatment and safety.Methods: This chapter summarizes several studies available on Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding the characteristic method and extraction method as well as the effectiveness and toxicity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in vitro and in vivo.Result: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are effective antihyperglycemics for treating T2D. They can reduce body weight, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance by stopping the liver from making glucose and stopping the body from absorbing glucose. Several studies have shown that both isolates can control glycemic levels equivalent to free fatty acids and are safe to use.Conclusion: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are extracted by several methods and can be used as potential anti-diabetics with obesity risk factors. Evidence shows that both isolates are safe for both acute and chronic use.
- Klíčová slova
- oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- hypoglykemika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- iridoidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Olea * fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- agonisté receptoru pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diabetes mellitus farmakoterapie MeSH
- glifloziny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypoglykemika * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- agonisté receptoru pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie MeSH
- glifloziny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- látky proti obezitě aplikace a dávkování farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- léčba obezity MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Na akutní urologickou ambulanci se dostavil 93letý pacient stěžující si na obtékající permanentní močový katétr a bolesti podbřišku. Mezi pro případ relevantní pacientovy diagnózy patřily velmi vysoce rizikový uroteliální karcinom močového měchýře po opakovaných transuretrálních resekcích a recentně také výplaších intravezikální chemoterapií, diabetes mellitus druhého typu na dvojkombinaci perorálních antidiabetik a recidivující močové infekce. Pro suspekci na perforaci močového měchýře či komunikaci močového měchýře se střevem, při sterkorálně zapáchající moči, bylo doplněno kontrastní CT s vylučovací fází a CT cystogram. Perforaci či píštěl jsme neprokázali, avšak na základě zobrazovacích vyšetření jsme stanovili diagnózu emfyzematózní cystitidy. Tato kazuistika má za cíl upozornit na tuto vzácnou, mnohdy nenápadně se projevující, avšak potenciálně život ohrožující urologickou nosologickou jednotku.
A 93-year-old male presented to the urology outpatient clinic with complaints of a leaking indwelling urinary catheter and suprapubic pain. Our patient had a history of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, for which he has undergone multiple transurethral resections and recent intravesical chemotherapy instillations. He also has type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is managed with a combination of oral antidiabetic medications and has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. A CT scan with contrast and an excretory phase and CT cystogram were performed to rule out bladder perforation or a bladder-bowel fistula in the presence of foul-smelling urine. The CT scan did not show any evidence of colo-vesicalor fistula, but it did show evidence of emphysematous cystitis. This case report aims to highlight this rare, often presenting in a subtle manner, but life-threatening urological disease.
- Klíčová slova
- emfyzematózní cystitida,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplikace intravezikální MeSH
- cystitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- Escherichia coli patogenita MeSH
- hypoglykemika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk chirurgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: To compare open-source AndroidAPS (AAPS) and commercially available Control-IQ (CIQ) automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial. METHODS: Adults with type 1 diabetes who had been using AAPS by their own decision entered the first 3-month AAPS phase then were switched to CIQ for 3 months. The results of this treatment were compared with those after the 3-month AAPS phase. The primary endpoint was the change in time in range (% TIR; 70-80 mg/dL). RESULTS: Twenty-five people with diabetes (mean age 34.32 ± 11.07 years; HbA1c 6.4% ± 3%) participated in this study. CIQ was comparable with AAPS in achieving TIR (85.72% ± 7.64% vs. 84.24% ± 8.46%; P = .12). Similarly, there were no differences in percentage time above range (> 180 and > 250 mg/dL), mean sensor glucose (130.3 ± 13.9 vs. 128.3 ± 16.9 mg/dL; P = .21) or HbA1c (6.3% ± 2.1% vs. 6.4% ± 3.1%; P = .59). Percentage time below range (< 70 and < 54 mg/dL) was significantly lower using CIQ than AAPS. Even although participants were mostly satisfied with CIQ (63.6% mostly agreed, 9.1% strongly agreed), they did not plan to switch to CIQ. CONCLUSIONS: The CODIAC study is the first prospective study investigating the switch between open-source and commercially available AID systems. CIQ and AAPS were comparable in achieving TIR. However, hypoglycaemia was significantly lower with CIQ.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
- hypoglykemika terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulin terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulinové infuzní systémy MeSH
- inzuliny * MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- selfmonitoring glykemie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- EMPAGLIFLOZIN,
- MeSH
- benzhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie MeSH
- glifloziny * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- glukosidy MeSH
- hypoglykemika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory dipeptidylpeptidasy 4 škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
- MeSH
- demence * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- diabetes mellitus farmakoterapie MeSH
- hypoglykemika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- komplikace diabetu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- chiglitazar,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- karbazoly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom farmakoterapie MeSH
- propionáty MeSH
- receptory aktivované proliferátory peroxizomů agonisté MeSH
- regulace glykemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
