Introduction: Olive (Olea uropeae) is a traditional plant containing oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are useful and used empirically for treating diabetes mellitus.Objective: To review the potential of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol as an evidence base for diabetes potential treatment and safety.Methods: This chapter summarizes several studies available on Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding the characteristic method and extraction method as well as the effectiveness and toxicity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in vitro and in vivo.Result: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are effective antihyperglycemics for treating T2D. They can reduce body weight, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance by stopping the liver from making glucose and stopping the body from absorbing glucose. Several studies have shown that both isolates can control glycemic levels equivalent to free fatty acids and are safe to use.Conclusion: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are extracted by several methods and can be used as potential anti-diabetics with obesity risk factors. Evidence shows that both isolates are safe for both acute and chronic use.

• Klíčová slova
• oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hypoglykemika * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• iridoidy farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Olea * fyziologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• testy toxicity metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Olea * MeSH
• olivový olej chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH

Potential metabolites of bioactive compounds are important for their biological activities and as authentic standards for metabolic studies. The phenolic compounds contained in olive oil are an important part of the human diet, and therefore their potential metabolites are of utmost interest. We developed a convenient, scalable, one-pot chemoenzymatic method using the arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense for the sulfation of the natural olive oil phenols tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and of their monoacetylated derivatives. Respective monosulfated (tentative) metabolites were fully structurally characterized using LC-MS, NMR, and HRMS. In addition, Folin-Ciocalteu reduction, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and antilipoperoxidant activity in rat liver microsomes damaged by tert-butylhydroperoxide were measured and compared to the parent compounds. As expected, the sulfation diminished the radical scavenging properties of the prepared compounds. These compounds will serve as authentic standards of phase II metabolites.

• MeSH
• acetylace MeSH
• arylsulfotransferasa chemie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   MeSH
• biokatalýza MeSH
• Desulfitobacterium enzymologie   MeSH
• fenethylalkohol analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• olivový olej chemie   MeSH
• scavengery volných radikálů chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• sírany chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Two experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in Megalobrama amblycephala. Triplicate groups of fish were fed four test diets: (1) low-fat diet (LFD, 5% fat), (2) high-fat diet (HFD, 15% fat), (3) LFD + 100 mg/kg HT (LFD + HT), and (4) HFD + 100 mg/kg HT (HFD + HT) (in vivo). Hepatocytes from the same batch were exposed to three media including L-15 medium (L15), oleic acid (OA) medium [L15 + 400 μM OA], and OA + HT medium [L15 + 400 μM OA + 10 μM HT] to explore the roles of HT in mitochondrial function (in vitro). Fish fed HFD had excessive fat deposition in the liver, and HT inclusion in the HFD decreased hepatic fat deposition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the HFD triggers loss of cristae and metrical density and hydropic changes in mitochondria and that HT supplementation attenuates the ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria. The in vitro test showed that HT decreases fat deposition in hepatocytes, suppresses the reactive oxygen species formation, and facilitates the expression of phospho-AMPK protein and the genes involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1, NRF-1, TFAM) and autophagy (PINK1, Mul1, Atg5). These findings suggest the lipid-lowering effect of HT mediated by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy through the AMPK pathway.

• MeSH
• autofagie * MeSH
• biogeneze organel MeSH
• Cyprinidae genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dietní tuky metabolismus   MeSH
• fenethylalkohol analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• játra cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinkinasy aktivované AMP genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rybí proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide, remaining the major cause of death in developed countries. Polyphenols have been shown to have cardioprotective properties; however, their impact on iron bioavailability and potential impact on other aspects of health is unclear. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the current status of the relationship between habitual polyphenol consumption, iron status, and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines, searches were performed across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) to identify randomized controlled trials which investigated the effects of polyphenol consumption on inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, and iron absorption and bioavailability. In total, 1174 records were identified, with only 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected studies involved 133 participants and used a variety of foods and supplements, including olive oil and cherries, rich in polyphenols including hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, and resveratrol, as well as catechin enriched drinks. The duration of the studies ranged from between 56 and 145 days, with total polyphenolic content of the food items and supplements ranging from 45 to 1015 mg (per 100 g). Polyphenols did not appear to interfere with iron status, and most studies reported improvements in inflammatory markers and lipid profile. While these results are promising, the limited number of studies and considerable heterogeneity across the interventions support the need for more extensive trials assessing the relationship between polyphenol intake, iron bioavailability, and CVD risk.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

We report the results of in vivo studies in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in which addition of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) to their diet significantly increased their life span with respect to the control group. Furthermore, when nematodes were exposed to the pesticide paraquat, they started to die after two days, but after the addition of EVOO to their diet, both survival percentage and lifespans of paraquat-exposed nematodes increased. Since paraquat is associated with superoxide radical production, a test for scavenging this radical was performed using cyclovoltammetry and the EVOO efficiently scavenged the superoxide. Thus, a linear correlation (y = -0.0838x +19.73, regression factor = 0.99348) was observed for superoxide presence (y) in the voltaic cell as a function of aliquot (x) additions of EVOO, 10 μL each. The originally generated supoeroxide was approximately halved after 10 aliquots (100 μL total). The superoxide scavenging ability was analyzed, theoretically, using Density Functional Theory for tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, two components of EVOO and was also confirmed experimentally for the galvinoxyl radical, using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The galvinoxyl signal disappeared after adding 1 μL of EVOO to the EPR cell in 10 minutes. In addition, EVOO significantly decreased the proliferation of human leukemic THP-1 cells, while it kept the proliferation at about normal levels in rat L6 myoblasts, a non-tumoral skeletal muscle cell line. The protection due to EVOO was also assessed in L6 cells and THP-1 exposed to the radical generator cumene hydroperoxide, in which cell viability was reduced. Also in this case the oxidative stress was ameliorated by EVOO, in line with results obtained with tetrazolium dye reduction assays, cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species measurements. We ascribe these beneficial effects to EVOO antioxidant properties and our results are in agreement with a clear health benefit of EVOO use in the Mediterranean diet.

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• buněčný cyklus účinky léků   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• elektronová paramagnetická rezonance MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• olivový olej chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• paraquat toxicita   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• strava středomořská * MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH