OBJECTIVE: This study analyses the role of ethnicity-based birth weight differences at term (37-42 weeks) between neonates of Roma and non-Roma populations in Hungary, controlling for socio-demographic and biological characteristics of the mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey among 9,040 mothers coupled with biometric data of the neonates was conducted in 2010. Inclusion criteria were: at term (37-42 weeks gestation) non-pathological pregnancies, and self-reported ethnicity. Birth weight was based on mothers' ethnicity, age, body mass index, education, marital and employment status, poverty level, household amenities, dietary and smoking habits using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean difference between Roma and non-Roma neonates measured without controlling for possible confounding factors was -288.7 gram (p < 0.001, 95% CI = -313.4-263.9). In the linear regression model Roma neonates weighed on average 69.67 grams less than non-Roma neonates (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 30.51-108.83). The mother's underweight BMI, low education and smoking during pregnancy (p < 0.001), age under 18 years, no amenities of housing and insufficient consumption of fruits and dairy products also significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the neonates' birth weight. CONCLUSION: Roma ethnicity was independently correlated with lower birth-weight among at term neonates, controlling for known risk factors. Roma ethnicity may serve as a proxy for other unmeasured social or biological factors and should be considered an important covariate for measurement among neonates.

• MeSH
• chudoba etnologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kouření etnologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• manželský stav etnologie   MeSH
• matky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Romové statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• těhotenství mladistvých etnologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• věk matky MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Introduction: The relationship between body weight and smoking has been well-documented among adult populations, but the data among youth are inconsistent. This study explores the relationship among social, behavioural, body weight-related factors and adolescent smoking while identifying factors associated with the belief that smoking controls weight. Materials and methods: Baseline data from a three-year, prospective cohort study started in 2009 in Hungary's six metropolitan cities. Randomly selected 6th and 9th grade students completed a self-administered questionnaire during the 2009–2010 school year (n=1445; 45% boys, mean age of 6th graders: 12.06 years, SD=0.63; mean age of 9th graders: 15.06 years, SD=0.63). Calculations of Body Mass Index (BMI) were based on objectively measured weight and height data of participants. Appetite-Weight Control Scale of the Short Form of Smoking Consequences Questionnaire was used to measure the belief that smoking supports weight control. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between the perception of weight control and smoking, while controlling for potential confounding variables (e.g., gender). Results: 24.8% of participants smoked cigarettes within the past 30 days. The odds of smoking were increased among students who were older, had smoking friends, were exposed to parental smoking, and had poorer academic performance. BMI showed positive association with smoking (increases in BMI were associated with higher odds of smoking), and the belief that smoking controls weight mediated this association. There was no difference in smoking prevalence among those motivated either to lose or gain weight (∼30%), but was considerably lower among adolescents satisfied with their body weight (19%). The belief that smoking supports weight control was more common for girls, older students, and those who perceived themselves as overweight. Conclusions: Dissatisfaction with body weight and the belief that smoking has weight controlling effects are associated with an increased likelihood of adolescent smoking, therefore they must be considered in smoking prevention programmes among youth.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vyrovnaná skupina MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to assess factors associated with quit attempts and successful smoking cessation among a sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant women living in Eastern Hungary. Materials and methods: In-person interviews were conducted among 201 women residing in Eastern Hungary who self-identified as occasional or regular smokers at the time they learned they were pregnant. Results: 54% of the women were smokers at the time they learned they were pregnant. Just over half tried to quit, but only 20% were successful. Factors associated with reduced likelihood of quit attempts included being a regular (vs. occasional) smoker (OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.13–1.00) and being Roma (vs. non-Roma) (OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.72). Women who completed high school were 71 times more likely to quit (OR=7.5, 95% CI 1.68–33.2) and those who were employed were 71 times more likely to quit (OR=7.6, 95% CI 1.88–30.35). Regular smokers were 88% less likely to quit than occasional smokers. Discussion: Smoking cessation interventions targeting pregnant women are needed in Eastern Hungary. Efforts to integrate smoking cessation into the current excellent pre-natal care and health visitor program will reach most women who are pregnant or who have given birth within the preceding 3 years.

• MeSH
• kouření etnologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření ekonomika   etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prenatální péče metody   normy   MeSH
• prevence kouření MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH