In contrast to the decreasing burden related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity complications is increasing in Czechia, and local drivers must be identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate biological, behavioral, and environmental drivers of dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity in Czechia. Additionally, the structure of the Czech healthcare system was described. The prevalence of obesity in men and diabetes in both sexes has been increasing over the past 30 years. Possible reasons include the Eastern European eating pattern, high prevalence of physical inactivity and health illiteracy, education, and income-related health inequalities. Despite the advanced healthcare system based on the compulsory insurance model with free-for-service healthcare and a wide range of health-promoting initiatives, more effective strategies to tackle the adiposity/dysglycemia are needed. In conclusion, the disease burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity in Czechia remains high but is not translated into greater CVD. This discordant relationship likely depends more on other factors, such as improvements in dyslipidemia and hypertension control. A reconceptualization of abnormal adiposity and dysglycemia into a more actionable cardiometabolic-based chronic disease model is needed to improve the approach to these conditions. This review can serve as a platform to investigate causal mechanisms and secure effective management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease.

• MeSH
• adipozita etnologie   MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prediabetes epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sedavý životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

This article describes the important cultural specifics that impact on treatment of overweight and obesity for the Roma people of South Bohemia. METHODS: Data on health and nutrition were collected using a semi-structured interview of 302 Roma adults (quantitative phase). A further 25 participants received in-depth interviews regarding their eating and lifestyle habits and perceptions about obesity and overweight (qualitative phase). Height and weight were measured with calibrated scales and stadiometer. Qualitative data were analyzed with the “grounded theory” method. RESULTS: The participants reported a relatively high consumption of high-sugar drinks and foods compared to fruits and vegetables. Lifestyle factors increasing risk of overweight identified from the qualitative interview included unemployment, socially isolating housing, poor transport, poverty, inactivity, tobacco smoking, and for women weight gain after childbirth. Also identified was the need for better health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Effective health education may help to address risk factors for overweight and obesity in Roma peoples. Other measures include improved socioeconomic status and housing security, and improved health literacy of the Roma people.

• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kulturní charakteristiky * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové psychologie   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

We compared housing and the eating habits of Roma. Contemporary findings (2013) were compared with those from the first monothematic work on Roma (1775), which depicts their housing and eating habits, especially regarding the differences between social classes. Data were obtained from a journal (1775) and from semi-structured interviews (2013) with more than 70 Roma women and men who live in segregated and excluded settlements at the edges of villages or scattered among the majority. Data were collected in two villages and one district town in the Tatra region, where the data from the 1775 measurements originated. We used classical sociological theory to interpret the obtained data. The main findings showed differences between specific social classes then and now regarding housing, as well as the eating habits related to both conditions among the Roma in the Tatra region. The houses of rich Roma families did not differ from the houses of the majority population. The huts of the poorest inhabitants of settlements did not meet any hygiene standards. Typical Roma foods such as gója or marikľa were the traditional foods of Slovak peasants living in poverty in the country. We concluded that the housing and eating habits of the citizens of poor settlements located in the eastern parts of Slovakia are still similar to those of two centuries ago. The existing social exclusion may be explained partly from this finding.

• MeSH
• bydlení dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hygiena dějiny   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Romové dějiny   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální segregace dějiny   MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika etnologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To survey obesity prevention methods for use in the Roma population with a focus on eating behaviors. METHODS: A semi-structured interview was used to identify potentially useful obesity prevention methods. Basic anthropometric measurements were also gathered at the same time. This study was part of the "Obesity and overweight in the Roma minority in the Region of South Bohemia" research project (grant project 280-COST-LD14114). Participants consisted of members of the Roma minority (302 respondents) as well as the majority (Czech) population for comparisons. RESULTS: Differences in eating behaviors like irregular eating schedules and excessive consumption of fast food were observed. Statistically significant differences between the Roma minority and the majority (Czech/non-Roma) population were found in this area with the help of statistical significance tests. The Chi-square characteristic of independence (χ2) was, in case of this distribution, valued at 30.815 with 5 degrees of freedom, P < 0.001. The analyses, based on the second degree of classification, identified statistically significant differences between the Roma minority and the majority population. Members of the Roma minority attended preventive health check-ups statistically less often than members of the majority population. Differences between the majority and the Roma population were also found in the degree of patient cooperation with general practitioners. CONCLUSION: The results show that the Roma population is more likely to engage in eating behaviors that can contribute to overweight and obesity than the majority population. Based on the results of a semi-structured interview and on the results of anthropometric measurements, we can say that the Roma population is at a greater health risk, relative to overweight and obesity, than the majority population.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha etnologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obezita etnologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí etnologie   MeSH
• Romové etnologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika etnologie   MeSH

A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group 'milk and dairy products', the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS.

• MeSH
• dieta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potraviny klasifikace   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• přijímání potravy etnologie   fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study analyses the role of ethnicity-based birth weight differences at term (37-42 weeks) between neonates of Roma and non-Roma populations in Hungary, controlling for socio-demographic and biological characteristics of the mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey among 9,040 mothers coupled with biometric data of the neonates was conducted in 2010. Inclusion criteria were: at term (37-42 weeks gestation) non-pathological pregnancies, and self-reported ethnicity. Birth weight was based on mothers' ethnicity, age, body mass index, education, marital and employment status, poverty level, household amenities, dietary and smoking habits using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean difference between Roma and non-Roma neonates measured without controlling for possible confounding factors was -288.7 gram (p < 0.001, 95% CI = -313.4-263.9). In the linear regression model Roma neonates weighed on average 69.67 grams less than non-Roma neonates (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 30.51-108.83). The mother's underweight BMI, low education and smoking during pregnancy (p < 0.001), age under 18 years, no amenities of housing and insufficient consumption of fruits and dairy products also significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the neonates' birth weight. CONCLUSION: Roma ethnicity was independently correlated with lower birth-weight among at term neonates, controlling for known risk factors. Roma ethnicity may serve as a proxy for other unmeasured social or biological factors and should be considered an important covariate for measurement among neonates.

• MeSH
• chudoba etnologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kouření etnologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• manželský stav etnologie   MeSH
• matky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Romové statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• těhotenství mladistvých etnologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• věk matky MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Living in Roma settlements is associated with worse health in comparison with the majority population; this might be partially explained by socioeconomic disadvantages as well as cultural differences, including lifestyle. Eating habits represent an important part of lifestyle closely related to primary causes of morbidity and mortality, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases or cancers. The eating habits of the population living in Roma settlements in comparison with those of the majority population were explored using the cross-sectional epidemiological HepaMeta study conducted in 2011. A representative sample of Roma (n = 452, mean age = 34.7; 35.2% men) and non-Roma (n = 403, mean age = 33.5; 45.9% men) aged 18-55 years living in the Kosice region were asked about breakfasting and recent consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat products, meat, farinaceous dishes, and soft drinks. A logistic regression model was used separately for male and female participants. The population living in Roma settlements reported the recent consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy products significantly less frequently in comparison with the majority population. Moreover, Roma females, in comparison with non-Roma females, reported significantly more frequently the consumption of meat and soft drinks. No differences were found between Roma and non-Roma in the consumption of meat products and farinaceous dishes. The population living in Roma settlements reported more frequently unhealthy eating habits in comparison with the majority population; this might contribute to worse health status of this population. The differences might be attributed to cultural differences between ethnic as well as socioeconomic groups, reduced availability of certain food items due to segregation or poverty and lower health literacy.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dieta metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

V dnešním multikulturním světě se často setkáváme s lidmi odlišných kultur a vyznání. Tyto odlišnosti se promítají do jejich způsobu života i do jejich stravova­cích návyků. Ty je třeba mít na paměti např. při hos­pitalizaci, respektovat je a tím i přispět k úspěšnému průběhu léčby. Článek stručně přibližuje hlavní stra­vovací návyky nejrozšířenějších náboženství světa (křesťanství, islám, hinduismus, buddhismus a juda­ismus).

In today's multicultural society we encounter people who come from different cultural and religious back­grounds. These differences are projected into their way of life and also into their diets. This article offers a brief description of eating habits of the world's most widespread religions.

• MeSH
• buddhismus MeSH
• hinduismus MeSH
• judaismus MeSH
• křesťanství MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH