OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy at advanced maternal age has become more common over the last decades. Therefore, the study aimed to describe the characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcomes of women giving birth at advanced maternal age and very advanced age. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,300 singleton births that occurred in 2020-2021 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice. The control (age 20-34 years), advanced maternal age (35-39 years), and very advanced maternal age (≥ 40 years) groups included 1,851, 382, and 67 women, respectively. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, maternal age less than 20 years, smoking and alcohol use, foetal malformation and intrauterine foetal death, and birth weight of 500 grams or less. Data on mothers and newborn infants have been reported from the birth book and the reports on mothers at childbirth. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. RESULTS: Our results confirmed statistically significant differences regarding the rate of preterm birth (p = 0.004), very preterm birth (p = 0.010), caesarean delivery rate (p < 0.001), very low birth weight (p = 0.027), extremely low birth weight (p = 0.001), and Apgar score at 5 minutes < 7 (p = 0.020) between newborns in the compared maternal age groups. CONCLUSION: Advanced maternal age is a prognostic factor for poor pregnancy outcomes. Women of advanced maternal age are at higher risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

• MeSH
• Apgar skóre MeSH
• císařský řez statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předčasný porod epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• věk matky * MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major factors affecting child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Every day, approximately 800 women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth worldwide. Maternal ill health increases the risk of LBW. This study seeks to investigate determinants and incidence of LBW. METHODS: This study was conducted based on the medical records of mothers and their 1,946 infants born in 2016-2019 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice. Data on mothers and newborn infants were obtained from the Reports on mothers at childbirth. The inclusion criteria were singleton births and birth weight > 500 g. The exclusion criteria were twins or multiple births, congenital anomalies and stillbirths, birth weight ≥ 4,000 g or ≤ 500 g, and Roma ethnicity. Roma children are more likely to be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Roma mothers have different lifestyle. Univariate analysis was employed to evaluate the association between the independent variables and LBW. Variables that were found to be statistically significant were then further analysed using multivariable logistic analysis for each dependent variable. The implementation of the research was approved by the Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Of 1,946 newborns, 271 (13.90%) have low birth weight. The mean of birth weight at delivery was 3,068.62 (SD 671.16) grams. Factors that were associated with LBW were primary maternal education (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.08-8.21, p = 0.034), marital status single (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.68-4.94, p < 0.001), number of prenatal care visits less than 8 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.61, p = 0.047), and preterm birth (OR = 74.94, 95% CI: 45.44-123.61, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The reducing of LBW requires strategies to improve maternal lifestyle, maternal care before, during and after birth and to strengthen social support.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• předčasný porod * MeSH
• prenatální péče MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Smoking during pregnancy is causally associated with reduced birth weight and is strongly related to preterm birth. This study analyses the differences in birth outcomes between non-smokers and women who continued to smoke during pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a study of 1,359 mothers who gave birth in 2017-2019 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice. Data on mothers and newborn infants have been reported from the birth book and from the reports on mothers at childbirth. For low birth weight we considered the weight of a newborn being less than 2,500 g and as for premature birth we referred to childbirth before pregnancy week 37. Two groups of mothers were classified according to the smoking habit during pregnancy and statistically processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. RESULTS: Infants born by women who smoked during pregnancy had the lower birth weight (2,769.0 grams on average) compared to non-smokers (3,224.1 grams) (p < 0.001). The differences in prevalence of premature birth have not been confirmed as statistically significant. Women who continued smoking during pregnancy were significantly more likely to be very young (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.9-8.9; p < 0.001), unmarried (OR = 9.3; 95% CI: 6.1-14.0; p < 0.001), of lower level of education (OR = 39.6; 95% CI: 22.6-69.5; p < 0.001), and more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 5.8-7.5; p < 0.01), and drugs (OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 5.8-7.5; p < 0.01) during pregnancy. When pregnant, they were most likely to see a doctor for the first time after the first trimester (OR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1-0.2; p < 0.001) and were more likely to see a doctor less than 8 times (OR = 6.1; 95% CI: 4.2-8.8; p < 0.001) during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Tobacco prevention and cessation campaigns should focus on improving pregnancy outcomes in the future.

• MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• předčasný porod * epidemiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Incidencia zápalových ochorení čreva sa v posledných rokoch zvyšuje, no presná príčina ochorení nie je dosiaľ jasná, a preto nepoznáme ani spoľahlivý spôsob prevencie. Práca popisuje doterajšie poznatky o úlohe a vplyve vybraných rizikových faktorov na vznik, relaps i progresiu zápalových ochorení čreva. Podrobnejšie sa zaoberá potenciálne rizikovými faktormi, ako je hygiena, fajčenie, prostredie, sanitácia, industrializácia a socioekonomický status, znečistenie vzduchu, vody, ale aj úlohou črevného mikrobiómu, infekcií, užívania antibiotík a vplyvom stresu a spánku. Práca zdôrazňuje potrebu objasniť etiológiu ochorenia.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has increased in recent years, but the exact cause of the disease is not yet clear and therefore we do not know of any reliable way of prevention. Described is current knowledge about the role and influence of selected risk factors related to the development, relapse and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. More specifically, it deals with potential risk factors such as hygiene, smoking, environment, sanitation, industrialization and socio-economic status, air pollution, water, but also the role of intestinal microbioma, infections, antibiotic use, and stress and sleep. Highlighted is the need to clarify the aetiology of the disease.

• MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra imunologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study analyses the differences in birth outcomes between Roma and non-Roma mothers and investigates the potential causes of such differences. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,989 non-Roma and 799 Roma mothers who gave birth in 2014 and 2015 at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice. Data on mothers and new-born infants have been obtained from the birth book and from the reports on mothers at childbirth. For low birth weight we considered the weight of a new-born weighing less than 2,500 grams and as for premature birth we referred to childbirth before pregnancy week 37. The file was split by ethnicity and statistically processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. RESULTS: Our results confirmed a lower birth weight among Roma children (-365.4 grams, p < 0.001). The shorter gestation age and higher risk of premature birth were not statistically significant regarding Roma children. Based on the characteristics of Roma mothers, they are at higher risk of giving birth as minor (OR = 23.64; 95% CI = 15.29-36.54; p < 0.001), as single mothers (OR = 7.13; 95% CI = 5.80-8.76; p < 0.001), with basic education or lack of education (OR = 141.31; 95% CI = 100.47-198.76; p < 0.001). They also have a higher risk of smoking during pregnancy (OR = 23.84; 95% CI = 18.06-31.49; p < 0.001); drinking alcohol (OR = 11.71; 95% CI = 3.36-40.90; p < 0.001) and taking drugs (OR = 8.70; 95% CI = 1.81-42.02; p < 0.001). Roma women attended gynaecologists more rarely. CONCLUSION: It is therefore important to support the work of community health workers and stimulate collaboration between community health professionals, paediatricians and gynaecologists to overcome institutional barriers in maternity and child care for mothers living in Roma settlement.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• předčasný porod etnologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Užívanie tabaku patrí medzi najvýznamnejšie príčiny zbytočných a predčasných úmrtí v histórií ľudstva. Štúdie dokazujú, že fajčenie je vážnym medicínskym a spoločensko-ekonomickým problémom, ktorý v súčasnosti nadobudol charakter pandémie. Fajčenie je rizikový faktor participujúci na predčasných úmrtiach v dôsledku vzniku desiatky ochorení, predovšetkým onkologických, srdcovocievnych, chorôb tráviaceho traktu, ústnej dutiny. Fajčenie, ako návyk, sa významnou mierou podieľa sa vzniku chronickej obštrukčnej choroby pľúc, na ktorú zomiera viac fajčiarov ako na rakovinu pľúc, a ktorej výskyt je priamo závislý od prevalencie fajčenia cigariet. Vzhľadom na rôznorodosť a početnosť ochorení, ktoré fajčenie spôsobuje, sa účinky fajčenia na kožný systém často prehliadajú. Práca ako súborný referát poukazuje na negatívne zmeny na koži, ktoré fajčenie so sebou prináša, ale predovšetkým zdôrazňuje potrebu prevencie, ktorá je omnoho účinnejšia ako následná liečba. Súhrn výsledkov a záverov viacerých zahraničných a domácich literárnych štúdií zaoberajúcich sa problematikou fajčenia a kože potvrdzuje negatívne pôsobenie cigaretového dymu a jeho súčastí na kožu a jej zložky. Práca sa zameriava na etiologickú a patofyziologickú súvislosť fajčenia so vznikom karcinómu kože, starnutia kože a rozvojom chronického ochorenia kože – psoriázy. Práca predkladá užitočné preventívne rady, prečo s fajčením nezačať, ako s touto závislosťou čo najefektívnejšie skoncovať, prípadne na koho sa môže pri odvykaní obrátiť. V rámci prevencie príspevok zdôrazňuje potrebu dennej starostlivosti o kožu, samovyšetrovanie, ale aj dôležitosť mať dostatočné poznatky o škodlivých účinkoch fajčenia na kožu.

Tobacco use is the most important cause of preventable and premature deaths in human history. Literature reviews confirm that smoking is a serious medical and socio-economic problem, which currently has the character of a pandemic habit. Smoking is a risk factor of premature deaths resulting from many diseases, e. g. cancer, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, oral cavity diseases. Smoking is an important risk factor also for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, where more smokers will die from this chronic condition as compared to mortality from lung cancer. Frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is directly related to the intensity of cigarette smoking. The effect of smoking has a very high diversity of diseases caused by smoking, but the effects of smoking on the skin are often overlooked. Article is a summary review focused on negative changes on the skin caused by smoking. The paper particularly emphasizes the need for prevention, which is far more effective than curative treatment. Summary of results and conclusions of several foreign and domestic research studies focusing on the issue of smoking and skin, confirms the negative effect of cigarette smoke and its components on the skin and skin cutaneous complex. The work focuses on the etiological and pathophysiological association of smoking on skin cancer, skin aging and the development of chronic skin diseases – psoriasis. The article also provides useful preventive advice for smoking cessation and for early stages of smoking prevention. The paper also confirms the necessity and need for daily skin care, self-testing, but also the importance of a sufficient knowledge of the adverse effects of smoking on the skin.

• MeSH
• bazocelulární karcinom epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kožní nemoci * diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• kůže * patofyziologie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• nádory kůže etiologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku komplikace   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• prevence kouření MeSH
• psoriáza etiologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• slunění MeSH
• stárnutí kůže * patologie   účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• prevence nemocí, karcinom kůže,
• MeSH
• kouření MeSH
• kožní manifestace MeSH
• kožní nemoci MeSH
• psoriáza MeSH
• stárnutí kůže MeSH