This study aimed to reveal whether green lizards (Lacerta viridis), common hosts of tick larvae and nymphs, might be involved in the transmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Czech Republic. Green lizards were sampled in two areas at the Tiché Údolí Nature Reserve (site A: 50.1482 N, 14.3669E; site B: 50.1476 N, 14.3745 E), Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. The skin biopsy specimens and attached ticks (if any) were collected from 52 captured lizards. Also, questing ticks from both areas were collected by flagging. The touchdown polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis revealed Borrelia lusitaniae in three lizard tissue samples. Most lizards (19/30, 63%) had at least one Borrelia positive tick. Borrelia lusitaniae formed 92% (34/37) and 59% (17/29) of all borreliae detected in larvae and nymphs, respectively. Borrelia lusitaniae (6/10, 60%) was also the major pathogen in questing nymphs from site B. At site A, 13% (2/16) of questing nymphs were positive for B. lusitaniae. Based on our data, it can be assumed that B. lusitaniae is a common pathogen at lizard sites in the Czech Republic, and further research to prove this hypothesis is therefore highly recommended. As lizards often inhabit urban areas, the data presented may also contribute to raising awareness of the possible spread and risk of Borrelia infection.
- MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex * genetika MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- ještěři * MeSH
- klíště * genetika MeSH
- lymeská nemoc * MeSH
- nymfa MeSH
- Spirochaetales MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Secondary plant metabolites (SPMEs) play an important role in plant survival in the environment and serve to establish ecological relationships between plants and other organisms. Communication between plants and microorganisms via SPMEs contained in root exudates or derived from litter decomposition is an example of this phenomenon. In this review, the general aspects of rhizodeposition together with the significance of terpenes and phenolic compounds are discussed in detail. We focus specifically on the effect of SPMEs on microbial community structure and metabolic activity in environments contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, a section is devoted to a complex effect of plants and/or their metabolites contained in litter on bioremediation of contaminated sites. New insights are introduced from a study evaluating the effects of SPMEs derived during decomposition of grapefruit peel, lemon peel, and pears on bacterial communities and their ability to degrade PCBs in a long-term contaminated soil. The presented review supports the "secondary compound hypothesis" and demonstrates the potential of SPMEs for increasing the effectiveness of bioremediation processes.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie toxicita MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly toxicita MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents are highly toxic to humans and other living organisms, primarily because of their interaction with enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The aim of our study was to find suitable reactivators of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and to recommend the most efficacious compounds for the next evaluation as antidotes for intoxication by pesticides. METHODS: Eighteen structurally different oxime reactivators were tested for their in vitro ability to reactivate paraoxon-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase to find out structure-activity relationship within this set of compounds. Their reactivation ability was compared with commercially available acetylcholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime, methoxime, trimedoxime, obidoxime, and HI-6). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The best reactivation ability was achieved with obidoxime, trimedoxime, compounds K027, K075, K203, and K048. We have also tested reactivation of butyrylcholinesterase with the aim to recommend an efficient reactivator, able to perform a "pseudo catalytic" bioscavenger with butyrylcholinesterase, which is developed as new antidote of organophosphate poisonings. Such combination could allow an enhancement of prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency of administered enzyme. Compounds K117, K269, K075, and trimedoxime were found to be the most potent reactivators of inhibited butyrylcholinesterase. CONCLUSIONS: In this work, we have evaluated only reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited cholinesterases. To get better understanding of this problem, a larger number of organophosphorus inhibitors should be used.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus MeSH
- antidota farmakologie chemie MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory toxicita MeSH
- erytrocyty enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kvantitativní vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- paraoxon toxicita MeSH
- reaktivátory cholinesterasy farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- konektin chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kožní nemoci etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paraproteinemie * farmakoterapie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- revmatické nemoci diagnóza patologie MeSH
- Sjögrenův syndrom diagnóza patologie MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes diagnóza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
