Coxiella burnetii je intracelulárna gramnegatívna baktéria a etiologický pôvodca Q horúčky, celosvetovo rozšírenej zoonózy, ktorá má značný ekonomický dopad na chov hospodárskych zvierat. Hlavnými rezervoármi Q horúčky sú domestikované prežúvavce, ako je hovädzí dobytok, ovce a kozy. Ľudia sa obvykle infikujú inhaláciou kontaminovaného aerosólu produkovaného nakazenými zvieratami. Akútna infekcia je u ľudí často asymptomatická, alebo sa prejavuje ako horúčkovité ochorenie podobné chrípke, často s nálezom atypickej pneumónie. U 1–5 % primárnych infekcií sa môže rozvinúť chronická forma, ktorá je často život ohrozujúca a prejavuje sa väčšinou ako endokarditída.Ohniská Q-horúčky zvyčajne vypuknú z infekcie ľudí s rizikovým povolaním, akými sú pastieri, chovatelia zvierat, veterinári, pracovníci na bitúnkoch (jatkách), či mliekárniach, alebo výskumníci pracujúci s pôvodcom nákazy. Diagnostika a prevencia by sa teda mala primárne zamerať na tieto skupiny obyvateľstva a okolité životné prostredie. Najúčinnejším spôsobom prevencie je očkovanie. Aj keď klinické údaje nie sú dostatočné, očkovanie by sa malo zvážiť aj u osôb, ktoré sú vystavené vyššiemu riziku chronickej Q horúčky, a to najmä u imunokompromitovaných pacientov a osôb s poruchami srdcových chlopní, arteriálnymi aneuryzmami, či s vaskulárnym štepom. Vývoj účinnej a bezpečnej očkovacej látky voči Q horúčke je preto predmetom trvalého záujmu vedcov už celé desaťročia. Táto prehľadná práca sumarizuje pokrok vo vývoji týchto prípravkov.u vedcov už celé desaťročia. Táto prehľadná práca sumarizuje pokrok vo vývoji týchto prípravkov.
Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium and the etiological agent of Q fever, a worldwide zoonotic disease with a considerable economic impact in the livestock industry. Domesticated ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats are the main reservoirs of Q fever in men. Humans usually acquire the disease by inhaling contaminated aerosol produced by infected livestock. Acute infection is typically asymptomatic or manifests as a febrile flu-like illness or pneumonia. In 1-5% of primary infections, chronic Q fever may develop, which can be life-threatening and often presents as endocarditis. Q fever outbreaks usually occur from occupational exposure involving shepherds, veterinarians, animal handlers, abattoir or dairy workers, and laboratory personnel working with C. burnetii. Thus, prevention and control efforts should be primarily directed toward these groups and the surrounding environment. The most effective way of prophylaxis is vaccination. Although clinical data are lacking, vaccination should also be considered for persons who are at higher risk for development of chronic Q fever, including those with cardiac valve defects, vascular aneurysms, and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, development of an effective and harmless vaccine is a subject of constant interest of researchers for decades. This review summarizes the progress toward Q fever vaccine development.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Q-horečka * přenos prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- vakcinace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Rapid and reliable detection, identification, and typing of bacterial species are necessary in response to natural or terrorist-caused outbreaks of infectious diseases and play crucial roles in diagnosis and efficient treatment. We report here two proteomic approaches with a high potential in the detection and identification of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever. The first of them starts with the acetonitrile (ACN) and trichloroacetic acid extractions of inactivated C. burnetii cells followed by the detection of extracted molecules and ions derived from the inactivated cells by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In the second approach, identification of the proteins extracted by ACN is accomplished after enzymatic digestion by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry coupled to a nanoscale ultraperformance liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). In order to observe morphological differences on the surface structures upon extraction, the inactivated and treated cells of the bacterium were examined by electron microscopy. The LC-MS/MS approach has allowed identification of 20 proteins in the ACN extracts of C. burnetii strain RSA 493 that were observed in more than 3 out of 10 experiments.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- Coxiella burnetii chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- trypsin metabolismus MeSH
Specific markers for Coxiella burnetii (C.b.) isolates RSA 493, Priscilla, and BUD were detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The method revealed noticeable differences in the ion signal profiles of the isolates in the mass range of 318 kDa. The number of characteristic ions for RSA 493, BUD, and Priscilla was 24, 15, and 7, respectively. The specific markers were compared against C.b. database using the Tag-Ident proteomics tool. For the isolates RSA 493, Priscilla and BUD there were identified 11, 5 and 3 potential biomarkers, respectively. This method represents a powerful tool for the rapid, sensitive, and differential characterization of C.b. isolates and is a good candidate for phyloproteomic approaches.
