It is well known that in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is significantly decreased during slow wave sleep (SWS). It used to be explained by the ability of SWS to stabilize the upper airways against collapse. Another explanation, which is the focus of the current study, is that it is just a result of high instability of SWS to obstructive apnea exposure, i.e. high susceptibility of SWS to transition into lighter sleep stages during exposure to obstructive apneas. A retrospective chart review was performed on 560 males who underwent an overnight polysomnography. Two hundred and eighty-seven patients were eligible for the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to different AHI level. All three groups had a higher SWS occurrence in the lateral position than in the supine position. A special fourth group of patients was created with severe OSAS in the supine position but with very mild OSAS in the lateral position. This group had, in the lateral position, (A) higher AHI in NREM sleep (4.1+/-3.1/h vs. 0.7+/-1.2/h, p<0.001) as well as (B) higher SWS occurrence (27.7+/-15.0 % vs. 21.4+/-16.2 % of NREM sleep, p<0.05), than the group with the lowest AHI in the study, i.e. AHI<5/h in NREM sleep. These data suggest that strong coincidence between SWS and low AHI is the result of the high instability of SWS to obstructive apnea exposure. The data also support the presence of SWS-rebound in OSAS patients in the lateral body position.
- MeSH
- dýchání * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie MeSH
- obstrukční spánková apnoe diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- plíce patofyziologie MeSH
- polohování pacienta * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- spánek pomalých vln * MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- supinační poloha * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- zoletilová anestezie,
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha MeSH
- anxiolytika MeSH
- chronobiologické jevy * MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- tělesná teplota MeSH
- tiletamin terapeutické užití MeSH
- zolazepam terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha MeSH
- anestetika disociativní MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém účinky léků MeSH
- celková anestezie * MeSH
- chronobiologie (obor) MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- ketamin * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- srdeční frekvence účinky léků MeSH
- xylazin * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha MeSH
- adjuvancia anestetická MeSH
- celková anestezie * MeSH
- chronobiologie (obor) MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- myokard MeSH
- pentobarbital * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Although it is thought that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is worse during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than in non-REM (NREM) sleep there are some uncertainties, especially about apnoe-hypopnoe-index (AHI). Several studies found no significant difference in AHI between both sleep stages. However, REM sleep is associated more with side sleeping compared to NREM sleep, which suggests that body position is a possible confounding factor. The main purpose of this study was to compare the AHI in REM and NREM sleep in both supine and lateral body position. A retrospective study was performed on 422 consecutive patients who underwent an overnight polysomnography. Women had higher AHI in REM sleep than NREM sleep in both supine (46.05+/-26.26 vs. 23.91+/-30.96, P<0.01) and lateral (18.16+/-27.68 vs. 11.30+/-21.09, P<0.01) body position. Men had higher AHI in REM sleep than NREM sleep in lateral body position (28.94+/-28.44 vs. 23.58+/-27.31, P<0.01), however, they did not reach statistical significance in supine position (49.12+/-32.03 in REM sleep vs. 45.78+/-34.02 in NREM sleep, P=0.50). In conclusion, our data suggest that REM sleep is a contributing factor for OSA in women as well as in men, at least in lateral position.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukční spánková apnoe diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- polohování pacienta MeSH
- polysomnografie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- spánek REM * MeSH
- supinační poloha MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ketamine/ xylazine and pentobarbital anaesthesia on heart rate variability as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity. The experiments were performed in ketamine/ xylazine (10 mg/kg/15 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.) anaesthetized female Wistar rats, after adaptation to a light-dark cycle of 12 hours light: 12 hours dark. Heart rate variability parameters (RR interval, power VLF (very low frequency), power LF (low frequency), power HF (high frequency) and relative powers) were evaluated during spontaneous breathing as a function of the light-dark cycle (LD cycle). Significant LD differences were found in the duration of RR intervals in ketamine/xylazine compared with pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats. Correlation analysis revealed moderate dependency between the RR interval duration and HF and LF power parameters in ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia in both light and dark parts of the cycle. In pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats, correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate dependence between RR interval duration and HF and VLF power parameters, but only in the dark part of the LD cycle. Ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia increased parasympathetic activity, and suppressed sympathetic and baroreceptor activity independently of the light-dark cycle. LD differences in RR interval duration were not eliminated. Pentobarbital anaesthesia increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic and baroreceptor activity, and eliminated LD differences in RR interval duration.
- MeSH
- anestetika farmakologie MeSH
- anestezie * MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém účinky léků MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chronobiologické jevy MeSH
- ketamin farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- pentobarbital farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- xylazin farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
