Touch is one of the primary communication tools. Interestingly, the sensation of touch can also be experienced when observed in another person. Due to the system of mirror neurons, it is, in fact, being mapped on the somatosensory cortex of the observer. This phenomenon can be triggered not only by observing touch in another individual, but also by a mirror reflection of the contralateral limb. Our study aims to evaluate and localize changes in the intracerebral source activity via sLORETA imaging during the haptic stimulation of hands, while modifying this contact by a mirror illusion. A total of 10 healthy volunteers aged 23-42 years attended the experiment. The electrical brain activity was detected via scalp EEG. First, we registered the brain activity during resting state with open and with closed eyes, each for 5 min. Afterwards, the subjects were seated at a table with a mirror reflecting their left hand and occluding their right hand. The EEG was then recorded in 2 min sequencies during four modifications of the experiment (haptic contact on both hands, stimulation of the left hand only, right hand only and without any tactile stimuli). We randomized the order of the modifications for each participant. The obtained EEG data were converted into the sLORETA program and evaluated statistically at the significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The subjective experience of all the participants was registered using a survey. A statistically significant difference in source brain activity occurred during all four modifications of our experiment in the beta-2, beta-3 and delta frequency bands, resulting in the activation of 10 different Brodmann areas varying by modification. The results suggest that the summation of stimuli secured by interpersonal haptic contact modified by mirror illusion can activate the brain areas integrating motor, sensory and cognitive functions and further areas related to communication and understanding processes, including the mirror neuron system. We believe these findings may have potential for therapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Walking as physiological training is reported to be an effective activity in order to beneficially influence and slow the onset of aging in healthy elderly people. However, insufficient evidence exists on how walking influences lung function in seniors. In our study, we aim to evaluate the effect of different types of walking on lung function in healthy seniors. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO Essentials databases were searched, while the methodological quality was assessed by the RoB2 tool. A total of seven studies (RCTs) published between 2002-2022 that met the eligibility criteria were analysed in this review. All participants were older adults without any specific associated disease, aged 60 and above. The interventions included structured physical activity; a high/moderate exercise program; long-term regular walking; walking as a part of functional movement training; walking sideways, backward and forward as a part of aerobic training; fast walking; Stepper walking; walking on a treadmill combined with incentive spirometry; and Nordic walking. Overall, most of the mentioned types of walking led to improved lung function in healthy elderly subjects. However, the prescribed Stepper walking program did not improve lung function in healthy seniors.
- MeSH
- chůze * fyziologie MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dýchací soustava MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- terapie cvičením * MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Due to the high prevalence of neck pain, considerable attention is paid to the function of cervical flexor muscles. Although the deep and superficial cervical flexor muscles have been evaluated, the impact of hyoid muscles on cervical flexion is still not well known. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the activation of hyoid muscles during physiological cervical flexion, and to determine the impact of different starting positions on cervical flexion muscle activation. The activities of bilateral sternocleidomastoid, scalene, suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscles were evaluated by surface electromyography (EMG) in twenty young healthy volunteers. They performed a repetitive cervical flexion-extension movement, from neutral position of the head to the maximum flexion with the same speed set at eight seconds in a cycle, in three various positions (sitting, standing, and supine). In sitting and standing positions, the group of suprahyoid muscles was activated in advance of other cervical flexor muscles despite only significant differences were found in scalene muscles, and the activation of the group of infrahyoid muscles was time-synchronous with sternocleidomastoid muscles. On the other hand, in supine position, the activation of all measured cervical flexor muscles was significantly earlier and longer than in the other two positions. This study confirmed the empirical suggestion that hyoid muscles contributed to cervical flexion, and it confirmed that muscle activation was position dependent, even if the given movement is nearly identical.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Parkinsonova nemoc je druhé nejčastější neurodegenerativní onemocnění, jehož výskyt má celosvětově stále rostoucí tendenci. Jedním z charakteristických motorických projevů onemocnění jsou kontinuální a epizodické poruchy chůze, které sužují život až 89 % všech pacientů s Parkinsonovou nemocí. Freezing je epizodickou poruchou chůze, při které dochází k náhlému zárazu pohybu a neschopnosti vykonat efektivní krok. Cueingová terapie je celosvětově známou a používanou terapií pro akutní terapii freezingu, která využívá zevních podnětů pro usnadnění pohybu. I přesto, že klinický efekt cueingu je již popsán v celé řadě studií, mechanizmus jejího účinku zatím nebyl zcela objasněn.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with an increasing trend worldwide. One of the characteristic motor manifestations of the disease are continuous and episodic gait disorders, which affect the lives of up to 89% of all patients with Parkinson's disease. Freezing is an episodic gait disorder characterised as a sudden cessation of movement and an inability to take an effective step. Cueing therapy is a worldwide known and used therapy for acute freezing, which uses external stimuli to facilitate movement. Although the clinical effect of cueing has been described in a number of studies, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.
- Klíčová slova
- freezing, cueing,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- neurologické poruchy chůze * patofyziologie rehabilitace MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace MeSH
- podněty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Evaluation of motions is the basis for the diagnosis of human locomotor system disorders. Analyses are usually focused on the performance components of this system, i.e. on the skeleton and muscles. However, where comprehensive diagnosis is to be obtained, the motor system must be evaluated as a whole, without omitting any of its parts. So, evaluation of the control function is very important to body motion evaluation. The method that is normally used to evaluate the activity of brain is electroencephalography, which is superior to other brain activity-evaluating methods in many respects. However, EEG has also a major drawback, namely, it cannot precisely locate the activated and deactivated brain regions. This drawback can be avoided by using the sLORETA neurophysiological program, a tool that can transform EEG data to 3D brain images and finding application across a wide range of clinical branches of medicine – neurology, neurophysiology, psychiatry, physiotherapy and also in sports.
- MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokomoce * fyziologie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- pohybové poruchy diagnostické zobrazování etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- rehabilitace metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- sLORETA program,
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace metody MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- fyzikální stimulace metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- neurologické poruchy chůze rehabilitace MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnostické zobrazování rehabilitace MeSH
- podněty MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
