Synthetic polycyclic musks, widely used as additives in personal care products, are present in both biotic and abiotic matrices of the aquatic environment at concentrations of ng/l to µg/l. Although they are determined at comparatively low concentrations, these levels are biologically relevant and pose a significant growing risk as stressors to aquatic organisms. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of 28-day-long exposure to polycyclic musk tonalide in zebrafish juvenile stages (Danio rerio) using selected biomarkers. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tonalide caused significant changes in selected enzyme activities in the experimental groups exposed to the highest concentrations. The activity of glutathione S-transferase and lipid peroxidation increased significantly (p < 0.05) after exposure to the highest concentration (50,000 ng/l) compared with the control. A similar trend was observed in catalase activity; there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) after exposure to two highest concentrations of tonalide (5000 and 50,000 ng/l). In addition, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione reductase activity was found in the lowest test concentration of tonalide (50 ng/l). None of the tested concentrations resulted in histopathological changes in liver, kidney, skin, or gill. Furthermore, no effects on body weight, body length, specific growth rate, and behavior were observed. Our results showed that tonalide exposure induced profound changes in the activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such changes representing an adaptive response of the fish organism to tonalide toxicity.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- bioindikátory účinky léků MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- dánio pruhované * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- testy subchronické toxicity metody MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny toxicita MeSH
- žábry účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
An adult female of Williams' mud turtle, Pelusios williamsi long-term captive, that was allegedly caught wild in Kenya was found to have developed papilloma-like skin lesions. Excised tumors were examined histologically after routine processing with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained slides, examined for the presence of viral particles by electron microscopy employing negative staining, and examined for the presence of viral DNA by PCR. Microscopic features in pre-treatment biopsies were fully diagnostic and consistent with multifocal squamous cell papilloma. Viral-type inclusion bodies were not identified. Turtle was found to be infected by reptilian herpesvirus. Association with herpesvirus and vast multiplicity of tumors thwarted surgical solution. An autogenous vaccine was prepared using 5 g of excised fresh tissue, aseptically ground, treated with diluted formalin, centrifuged to obtain a supernatant, and subsequently exposed to UV light. Autogenous vaccine induced substantial areas of necrosis of the papillomatous lesions noted by the loss of cytological architecture, nuclear loss, and by edema. The outer edges of the healing biopsies appeared to be regenerating. Therefore, our vaccine application could be considered as effective. It is difficult to treat and eliminate herpesvirus infection because of its cryptic presence and sudden onset of disease. Successful application of autogenous vaccine could be a potentially promising strategy, which deserves further testing.
- MeSH
- autovakcíny MeSH
- Herpesviridae MeSH
- nádory kůže diagnóza veterinární virologie MeSH
- papilom diagnóza veterinární virologie MeSH
- želvy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
The T-2 toxin, a fungal metabolite produced by Fusarium molds, occurs in a range of agriculture products. Reduced availability of fish meal has led to increasing use of cereals as a source of protein in commercial aquaculture feeds, which has increased the potential for mycotoxin contamination. The purpose of this study was to investigate toxicity of T-2 toxin intake in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress indices. In a four-week feeding trial, fish were fed a commercial diet with 5.3 mg/kg T-2 toxin added. Ingestion of contaminated diet did not lead to mortality of fish, probably due to lower feed intake. On the other hand, it significantly affected haematological variables such as haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell counts leading to anemia and white blood cell counts leading to leukopenia due to lymphopenia. Plasma glucose concentration and alanine amino transferase activity showed a significant increase while triglycerides concentration decreased. Activity of ceruloplasmin was significantly decreased in plasma. Further, liver glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly increased and catalase activity decreased, in parallel with a significant increase in caudal kidney catalase activity and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity. Finally, lipid peroxidation (detected as malondialdehyde) was significantly increased in the liver and caudal kidney. Changes in non-specific immune response and cytokine levels in head kidney indicated immune system sensitivity to T-2 toxin. Overall, the results demonstrate that this feed-borne mycotoxin is able to induce anaemia and oxidative stress and cause changes in the immune response of common carp.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug naproxen on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). METHODS: Three months old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to naproxen at concentrations of 0.001, 0.1 and 5 mg.L(-1). We focused on the changes in oxidative stress indices during and at the end of the experiment and histopathological examination of tissues after a two week long exposure period. RESULTS: We found that a 3 day long exposure to naproxen causes mild oxidative stress and affects detoxification in zebrafish, which is demonstrated by the increased activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase at 0.001 and 0.1 mg.L(-1) of naproxen, respectively. After a 7 day long exposure to 0.1 and 5 mg.L(-1), more potent effects on enzymes occur. However, these effects are only short lasting. At the end of the experiment, the activities of the target enzymes recover back to homeostatic baseline levels. Except catalase, which is induced only after a two week long exposure to the environmental concentration of naproxen. Despite the fact that naproxen causes mild oxidative stress in zebrafish, exposure to this drug does not result in lipid peroxidation. Histopathological examination revealed obvious changes to the gills and liver even at exposure to the environmental concentration of naproxen. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the environmental concentration of naproxen can slightly influence both the antioxidant defense system and histopathology of non-target fish.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody MeSH
- dánio pruhované MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- játra účinky léků patologie MeSH
- kůže účinky léků patologie MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků patologie MeSH
- naproxen farmakologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny dánia pruhovaného účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- žábry účinky léků patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The uniform morphology of the developmental stages of Haemogregarina species and the insufficient information supplied by the simplistic descriptions of previous authors complicates their differential diagnosis and proper species identification. In this study, we detected Haemogregarina spp. in 6 out of 22 (27.2%) examined turtles originating from Southeast Asia, Malayemys subtrijuga (n = 4), Sacalia quadriocellata (n = 1) and Platysternon megacephalum (n = 1), and compared them with the available literature data. Microscopic analysis of our isolates distinguished 2 morphological species, Haemogregarina pellegrini and one new species, being described in this paper as Haemogregarina sacaliae sp. n. Phylogenetic analyses based on 1210 bp long fragment of 18S rDNA sequences placed both haemogregarines firmly within the monophyletic Haemogregarina clade. Isolates of H. pellegrini from 2 distantly related turtle hosts, M. subtrijuga and P. megacephalum, were genetically identical. Despite the fact that numerous Haemogregarina species of turtles have been described, the incompleteness of the morphological data and relatively low host specificity provides the space for large synonymy within this taxon. Therefore, a complex approach combining microscopic analyses together with molecular-genetic methods should represent the basic standard for all taxonomic studies.
- MeSH
- Apicomplexa klasifikace cytologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- protozoální infekce zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- RNA protozoální genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- želvy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- jihovýchodní Asie MeSH
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the most common active ingredient in the insect repellents commonly detected in European groundwater. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subchronic DEET exposure on biochemical and haematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase, and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Two specific proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were selected to assess an immunological status of the fish. Fish were exposed for 28 days to three concentrations of DEET (1.0 µg/L, 0.1 mg/L, and 1.0 mg/L) where 1 µg/L is corresponding to the concentration found in the environment. DEET had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on increased RBC, decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin value (MCH) compared to control groups in the concentration of 1 mg/L. A significant decline (P < 0.05) in triacylglycerols (TAG) in plasma was found in the concentration of 1 mg/L compared to the control groups. The parameters of oxidative stress in tissues of common carp were weekly affected and immunological parameters were not affected.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- diethyltoluamid aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- kapři metabolismus MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy krev MeSH
- testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of diclofenac on growth, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in Danio rerio. The juvenile growth tests were performed on Danio rerio according to OECD method number 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the diclofenac environmental concentration commonly detected in the Czech rivers (0.02 mg L(-1)) and the range of sublethal concentrations of diclofenac (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg L(-1)) for 28 days. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the fish growth caused by diclofenac was observed in the concentrations of 30 and 60 mg L(-1). The identified value of LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) was 15 mg L(-1) of diclofenac and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value was 5 mg L(-1) of diclofenac. We did not find histopathological changes and changes of selected parameters of oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase) in tested fish. The environmental concentration of diclofenac in Czech rivers did not have any effect on growth, selected oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase), or histopathological changes in Danio rerio but it could have an influence on lipid peroxidation.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- diklofenak toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- velikost těla účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the presented study was to investigate levels of the most important biochemical markers in fish which were caught upstream and downstream from sites near waste water treatment plants situated at 3 selected small streams of the Czech Republic. Organic pollutants and mercury were determined in muscle tissue of fish for complex assessment. DESIGN: Levels of biochemical markers (cytochrome P450 (CYP450), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), vitellogenin (VTG)) were measured in selected tissues (liver, plasma, brain, gill and kidney) samples of brown trout. The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury were determined in muscle samples. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of biochemical markers (EROD, GST, VTG) were measured downstream from waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Vlachovo Březí (the small Libotýňský brook). Values of biochemical markers at the other localities Černý brook and Moravice River were measured downstream from WWTP consistently or slightly lower with values of upstream. The values of POPs and mercury were in all monitored sites higher upstream compared with downstream from WWTP. The highest values of POPs and mercury were found on Černý brook in Bruntál (more industrial and agricultural activity). CONCLUSION: The highest occurrence of selected POPs and mercury was generally upstream suggesting that small WWTP are able to partially remove these substances in those locations. But finding higher values of biochemical markers in downstream shows that there are many other substances endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that WWTP are unable to remove.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- játra chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- mozek účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- ryby * krev metabolismus MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus MeSH
- vitelogeniny krev MeSH
- žábry chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Atrazine is one of the most used pesticides all over the world and it is frequently detected in surface water. The aim of this study was to investigate if zebrafish exposure to atrazine could induce oxidative stress and changes in detoxifying system. Juvenile fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.3, 3, 30, or 90 μg L(-1) for 28 days. The level of oxidized lipids increased in experimental groups exposed to atrazine at 30 and 90 μg L(-1) compared to control. Activity of glutathione S-transferase decreased in group with the highest concentration compared to control. A significant decline was observed in catalase activity in all experimental groups compared to control. Activity of superoxide dismutase increased only in experimental group exposed to atrazine at 30 μg L(-1) compared to control. Activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase (GR) increased in experimental groups exposed to atrazine at 0.3 (only for GR activity) and 90 μg L(-1) compared to control. Our results showed that atrazine exposure had profound influence on the oxidative stress markers and detoxifying enzyme of the exposed zebrafish. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities could be an adaptive response to protect the fish from the atrazine-induced toxicity.
- MeSH
- atrazin toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
