Background: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) assesses the psychomotor development. It is available in two forms. According to several studies the BOT-2 short form (SF) provides significantly higher results than the BOT-2 complete form (CF). This might be due to the use of an inadequate type of scores when comparing results of the SF and the CF. Objective: To verify whether the degree of psychomotor development assessed by the BOT-2 SF is comparable to the results of the BOT-2 CF in middle-age school children when using standard scores considering age and sex. Methods: The research sample consisted of n = 153 neurotypical children (n = 69 girls, n = 84 boys) from 8 to 11 years (9.53 ± 0.85). The degree of psychomotor development was determined by the standard scores of the BOT-2 CF and BOT-2 SF-both considering sex and age. The conformity in results between the CF and the SF, the sensitivity and specificity of the BOT-2 SF and the relations between the results of each sub-test within the BOT-2 CF and the BOT-2 SF were analyzed. Results: The BOT-2 SF provided a statistically significantly lower standard score x = 45.87 (±5.41) compared to the BOT-2 CF x = 47.57 (±8.29) p < 0.05 with middle effect size value, Hays ω2 = 0.09. The ROC analysis showed that the BOT-2 SF obtains sufficient sensitivity (84%) but poor specificity (42.9%) and AUC = 0.484 CI95% (0.31-0.62). Moreover, only 57% of total variance of the BOT-2 CF is explained by the relation between the results of the CF and the SF. Conclusion: The BOT-2 SF does not provide practically significant different results compared to the BOT-2 CF when using a proper scale for comparing both versions. In addition, poor specificity of the BOT-SF suggests that the BOT-2 SF might be a useful tool to reveal mainly psychomotorically delayed but not above average (psychomotorically advanced) children. Further, due to the weak portion of a shared common factor, it remains still unclear whether the BOT-2 CF and the BOT-2 SF measure the same behavioral domain.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Normal weight obesity in children has been associated with excessive body fat, lower bone density and decreased total lean mass. However, no studies have been done into whether normal weight obese children differ in skeletal robustness or lean mass development on the extremities from normal weight non-obese, overweight, and obese peers although these are important indicators of healthy development of children. Methods: Body height, body weight, BMI, four skinfolds, and two limb circumferences were assessed. We calculated total body fat using Slaughter's equations, the Frame index for skeletal robustness and muscle area for the upper arm and calf using Rolland-Cachera equations. Using national references of BMI and measured skinfolds, three subgroups of participants (9-12 years) consisting of 210 middle-school-aged children (M-age = 11.01 ± 1.05)-110 girls and 100 boys-were selected: (A) overweight obese (OWOB) (n = 72); (B) normal weight obese (NWO) (n = 69); and, (C) normal weight non-obese (NWNO) (n = 69). All values, were converted to Z-scores to take account of participant's sex and age. Results: NWO children had significantly poorer skeletal robustness on lower extremities and poorer muscle area on the upper arm and calf compared to NWNO counterparts with significantly higher evidence in boys-skeletal robustness NWO boys: Z-score = -0.85; NWO girls: Z-score = -0.43; lean mass on the calf: NWO boys Z-score = -1.34; NWO girls: Z-score = -0.85. The highest skeletal robustness-but not muscle area on the calf-was detected in OWOB children. Conclusions: Further research should focus on whether this poor skeletal and lean mass development: (1) is a consequence of insufficient physical activity regimes; (2) affects physical fitness of NWO children and could contribute to a higher prevalence of health problems in them. We have highlighted the importance of the development of a simple identification of NWO children to be used by pediatricians.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency, BOT-2,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorické poruchy diagnóza MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon * fyziologie MeSH
- školy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * fyziologie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Hlavním cílem této studie bylo ověření vhodnosti diagnostického nástroje Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) v českých podmínkách u dětí ve věku 4 – 7 let pomocí konfirmativní faktorové analýzy. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 88 probandů ve věku 4 – 7 let. Skupina byla tvořena dětmi ze dvou základních škol a dvou mateřských škol v Praze, jejichž výběr proběhl kvótně. Výsledky konfirmativní faktorové analýzy BOT-2 u české populace byly porovnány s výsledky originální předlohy podle Bruininks (2005). Sledovanými parametry byly výsledné hodnoty indexů fitu: TLI > 0,95, SRMR < 0,08, CFI > 0,95 nebo RMSEA < 0,08. V originální předloze BOT-2 pro věkovou kategorii 4 – 7 let dosahovala korelace mezi manifestními proměnnými rozpětí 0,57 až 0,91. U českého modelu činila nejvyšší korelace také 0,91 (mezi proměnnými „strenght & agility”). Fit model ukazatelů CFI > 0,95 a RMSEA < 0,08 byl jak u originální předlohy, tak u českého modelu totožný. Z výsledků byl indikován vhodný model BOT-2 pro věkovou kategorii 4 – 7 let u české populace.
The main aim of the study was to determine the suitability of diagnostic tools Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) using confirmatory factor analysis in children aged 4-7 years in the Czech Republic. The research group consisted of 88 probands aged 4-7 years. The group was made up of children from two primary schools and two kindergartens in Prague. The selectiom was held with the help of quota selection. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis BOT-2 in children in the Czech Republic were compared with the results of original artwork by Bruininks (2005). The monitored parameters were resulting index values phosphite: TLI > 0.95, SPDC < 0.08, CFI > 0.95, or RMSE < 0.08. In the original draft BOT-2 amounted the correlations between manifest variables range from 0.57 to 0.91 for the age group 4-7 years. In the Czech model was the highest correlation 0.91 (between variables ”Strength & Agility”). Fit model indicators CFI > 0.95 and RMSE < 0.08 was identical by original artwork and by the Czech model. The results indicated the appropriate model BOT-2 for the age group 4-7 years in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon * fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
