BACKGROUND: Monoallelic germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in five Fanconi anemia (FA) genes (BRCA1/FANCS, BRCA2/FANCD1, PALB2/FANCN, BRIP1/FANCJ, and RAD51C/FANCO) confer an increased risk of breast (BC) and/or ovarian (OC) cancer, but the role of GPVs in 17 other FA genes remains unclear. METHODS: Here, we investigated the association of germline variants in FANCG/XRCC9 with BC and OC risk. RESULTS: The frequency of truncating GPVs in FANCG did not differ between BC (20/10,204; 0.20%) and OC (8/2966; 0.27%) patients compared to controls (6/3250; 0.18%). In addition, only one out of five tumor samples showed loss-of-heterozygosity of the wild-type FANCG allele. Finally, none of the nine functionally tested rare recurrent missense FANCG variants impaired DNA repair activities (FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation) upon DNA damage, in contrast to all tested FANCG truncations. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that heterozygous germline FANCG variants are unlikely to contribute to the development of BC or OC.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu * genetika   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * genetika   MeSH
• oprava DNA genetika   MeSH
• protein FANCG * genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zárodečné mutace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Cancer development involves alterations in key cellular pathways, with aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) emerging as an important player in tumorigenesis. ASPH is upregulated in various cancer types, where it promotes cancer progression mainly by regulating the Notch1 and SRC pathways. Methods: This study explored the responses of various human cervical, pharyngeal, and breast tumor cell lines to second- and third-generation ASPH inhibitors (MO-I-1151 and MO-I-1182) using proliferation, migration, and invasion assays; western blotting; and cell cycle analysis. Results: ASPH inhibition significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and disrupted both the canonical and noncanonical Notch1 pathways. The noncanonical pathway was particularly mediated by AKT signaling. Cell cycle analysis revealed a marked reduction in cyclin D1 expression, further confirming the inhibitory effect of ASPH inhibitors on cell proliferation. Additional analysis revealed G0/G1 arrest and restricted progression into S phase, highlighting the regulatory impact of ASPH inhibitors on the cell cycle. Furthermore, ASPH inhibition induced distinctive alterations in nuclear morphology. The high heterogeneity in the responses of individual tumor cell lines to ASPH inhibitors, both quantitatively and qualitatively, underscores the complex network of mechanisms that are regulated by ASPH and influence the efficacy of ASPH inhibition. The effects of ASPH inhibitors on Notch1 pathway activity, cyclin D1 expression, and nuclear morphology contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted effects of these inhibitors on cancer cell behavior. Conclusion: This study not only suggests that ASPH inhibitors are effective against tumor cell progression, in part through the induction of cell cycle arrest, but also highlights the diverse and heterogeneous effects of these inhibitors on the behavior of tumor cells of different origins.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Overexpression of aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) in human tumors contributes to their progression by stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Several signaling pathways affected by ASPH have been identified, but the high number of potential targets of ASPH hydroxylation suggests that additional mechanisms may be involved. This study was performed to reveal new targets of ASPH signaling. Methods: The effect of ASPH on the oncogenicity of three mouse tumor cell lines was tested using proliferation assays, transwell assays, and spheroid invasion assays after inhibition of ASPH with the small molecule inhibitor MO-I-1151. ASPH was also deactivated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A transcriptomic analysis was then performed with bulk RNA sequencing and differential gene expression was evaluated. Expression data were verified by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: Inhibition or abrogation of ASPH reduced proliferation of the cell lines and their migration and invasiveness. Among the genes with differential expression in more than one cell line, two members of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) family, Ly6a and Ly6c1, were found. Their downregulation was confirmed at the protein level by immunoblotting, which also showed their reduction after ASPH inhibition in other mouse cell lines. Reduced production of the Ly6D and Ly6K proteins was shown after ASPH inhibition in human tumor cell lines. Conclusions: Since increased expression of Ly6 genes is associated with the development and progression of both mouse and human tumors, these results suggest a novel mechanism of ASPH oncogenicity and support the utility of ASPH as a target for cancer therapy.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

As metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients, new anti-metastatic strategies are needed to improve cancer therapy outcomes. Numerous pathways have been shown to contribute to migration and invasion of malignant tumors. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a key player in the malignant transformation of solid tumors by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ASPH also promotes tumor growth by stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression. These effects are mainly achieved via the activation of Notch and SRC signaling pathways. ASPH expression is upregulated by growth factors and hypoxia in different human tumors and its inactivation may have broad clinical impact. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of ASPH enzymatic activity have been developed and their anti-metastatic effect confirmed in preclinical mouse models. ASPH can also be targeted by monoclonal antibodies and has also been used as a tumor-associated antigen to induce both cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ and CD4+ T cells in mice. The PAN-301-1 vaccine against ASPH has already been tested in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer. In summary, ASPH is a promising target for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic therapy based on inactivation of catalytic activity and/or immunotherapy.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cílená molekulární terapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• nádory plic farmakoterapie   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• svalové proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The most common histological subtypes of cutaneous melanoma include superficial spreading and nodular melanoma. However, the spectrum of somatic mutations developed in those lesions and all potential druggable targets have not yet been fully elucidated. We present the results of a sequence capture NGS analysis of 114 primary nodular and superficial spreading melanomas identifying driver mutations using biostatistical, immunohistochemical and/or functional approach. The spectrum and frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified across 54 evaluated genes, including 59 novel mutations, and the newly identified TP53 loss-of-function mutations p.(L194P) and p.(R280K). Frequently mutated genes most commonly affected the MAPK pathway, followed by chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. Frequent aberrations were also detected in the genes coding for proteins involved in DNA repair and the regulation and modification of cellular tight junctions. Furthermore, relatively frequent mutations were described in KDR and MET, which represent potential clinically important targets. Those results suggest that with the development of new therapeutic possibilities, not only BRAF testing, but complex molecular testing of cutaneous melanoma may become an integral part of the decision process concerning the treatment of patients with melanoma.

• MeSH
• buněčný cyklus genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MAP kinasový signální systém genetika   MeSH
• melanom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace ztráty funkce genetika   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   MeSH
• nádory kůže genetika   patologie   MeSH
• oprava DNA genetika   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-raf genetika   MeSH
• restrukturace chromatinu genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těsný spoj genetika   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Background: Inherited susceptibility and environmental carcinogens are crucial players in lung cancer etiology, and both exhibit population heterogeneity. MUC16 is overexpressed in various cancers and often associated with poor prognosis. Present work was to investigate the clinical significance of MUC16 in non-small cell lung cancer patients affected by familial lung cancer (FLC) and indoor air pollution caused by coal use. Methods: Clinicopathologic characteristics and MUC16 expression were analyzed and evaluated in our subject population. Vectors were constructed for MUC16 gene knockout and overexpression, then we examined how MUC16 affected lung cancer cell behaviors, including proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance. Results: FLC showed significant association with early-onset (P<0.01) and later stage (P<0.01). Indoor air pollution was associated with younger age (P<0.01), later stage (P<0.05) and AD histology type (P<0.05). Interestingly, two age peaks were observed in our FLC and sporadic group respectively, possibly suggesting multiple major contributors to lung cancer in our subject population. MUC16 overexpression was significantly associated with FLC (P<0.05), indoor air pollution (P<0.01) and later stage (P<0.01), additionally more metastasis cases were observed in patients with up-regulated MUC16 (18.1% vs. 10.3%). Taken together, elevated MUC16 may potentially be one molecular character of FLC in local residents. Intriguingly, patients with more MUC16 up-regulation seemed to have a lower number of white blood cells, especially neutrophils, this reflected MUC16's role in immune regulation. In cell behavior experiments, high MUC16 level could contribute to lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance, but there were variations among cell lines. Conclusions: MUC16 plays crucial roles in lung cancer pathogenesis, progression and chemoresistance. Interestingly, its association with FLC and indoor air pollution highlights the complexity of lung cancer etiology. Our findings provide useful information to study the intricate interaction between environmental carcinogens and population genetic background.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH