Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přehled údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě.
The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces significant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breast-feeding is not unequivocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breast-feeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přehled údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě.
The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces significant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breast-feeding is not unequivocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breast-feeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
- Klíčová slova
- caffeine, breast-feeding, breast milk, kofein, kojení, mateřské mléko,
- MeSH
- apnoe terapie MeSH
- kofein * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Bacterial infections are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The main risk factors include low birth weight and prematurity. The study identified the most common bacterial pathogens causing neonatal infections including their resistance to antibiotics in the Neonatal Department of the University Hospital Olomouc. Additionally, the cut-off for distinguishing early- from late-onset neonatal infections was assessed. The results of this study show that a cut-off value of 72 h after birth is more suitable. Only in case of early-onset infections arising within 72 h of birth, initial antibiotic therapy based on gentamicin with ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid may be recommended. It has been established that with the 72-h cut-off, late-onset infections caused by bacteria more resistant to antibiotics may be detected more frequently, a finding that is absolutely crucial for antibiotic treatment strategy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this work was to compare production of endotoxin and to determine susceptibility to antibiotics in two groups of specimens-wild-type strains Ochrobactrum anthropi isolated from the environment and the strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. The determination of the endotoxin produced by the test strains was carried on by using a limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL test). Determination of ATB sensitivity was accomplished by means of a broth dilution method in a microtiter plate (MIC). No significant difference was found between the group of ochrobacters isolated from the environment and the group of ochrobacters isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Antibiotic sensitivity testing has indicated that the resistance to tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin was slightly higher in strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in comparison with strains isolated from the environment. In general, most of the test strains were sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested. Significant resistance has been demonstrated for cefotaxime. Resistance was also found for gentamicin in strains number 4 and 7. The MIC was equal to the breakpoint for this antibiotic (8000 mg/L).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- cystická fibróza mikrobiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- endotoxiny metabolismus MeSH
- gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Limulus test MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Ochrobactrum anthropi účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE:: The gold standard for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes is the measurement of fasting plasma glucose and the oral glucose tolerance test. The objective of this systematic review is to identify all alternative tests currently in use for the diagnosis of type 2 pre-diabetes mellitus in children and establish their accuracy relative to this gold standard.
