The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in infant gastrointestinal tract colonisation, which in the case of caesarean section is characterised by the presence of clostridia and low bifidobacterial counts. Gut colonisation can be modified by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are infant prebiotics that show a bifidogenic effect. Moreover, genome sequencing of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis within the infant microbiome revealed adaptations for milk utilisation. This study aimed to evaluate the synbiotic effect of B. longum subsp. infantis, HMOs and human milk (HM) both in vitro and in vivo (in a humanised mouse model) in the presence of faecal microbiota from infants born by caesarean section. The combination of B. longum and HMOs or HM reduced the clostridia and G-bacteria counts both in vitro and in vivo. The bifidobacterial population in vitro significantly increased and produce high concentrations of acetate and lactate. In vitro competition assays confirmed that the tested bifidobacterial strain is a potential probiotic for infants and, together with HMOs or HM, acts as a synbiotic. It is also able to inhibit potentially pathogenic bacteria. The synbiotic effects identified in vitro were not observed in vivo. However, there was a significant reduction in clostridia counts in both experimental animal groups (HMOs + B. longum and HM + B. longum), and a specific immune response via increased interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 production. Animal models do not perfectly mimic human conditions; however, they are essential for testing the safety of functional foods.

• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis * MeSH
• císařský řez MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• interleukin-10 biosyntéza   MeSH
• interleukin-6 biosyntéza   MeSH
• laktáty metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• oligosacharidy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• prebiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• probiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• synbiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH