A collection of personal protective equipment (PPE), suitable for use in case of accident in nuclear facilities or radiological emergencies, was gathered at the National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection, Czech Republic. The shielding characteristics of the various PPE materials were measured via narrow geometry spectral attenuation measurements with point radionuclide sources covering a broad range of photon energies. Photon relative penetration and attenuation for relevant energies of the spectra were the principal experimentally determined quantities for tested PPE. Monte Carlo simulations in the MCNPX™ code were carried out to determine photon attenuation for respective energies in the tested PPE, and the results were compared to those determined experimentally. Energy depositions in a unit volume of an ORNL phantom were simulated in a radioactive aerosols atmospheric environment to determine effective doses both for the whole body and in various organs in the human torso during exposure to different dispersed radioactive aerosols while wearing one of the PPE protecting against X- and gamma-ray. This work aimed to determine the effective dose and its decrease for individual PPE protecting against X- and gamma-ray.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- fotony MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- ochranné oděvy * MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- radiační ochrana přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- radiační rozptyl MeSH
- radiografie MeSH
- rentgenové záření MeSH
- záření gama * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (184 stran)
Kniha jako jediná na trhu analyzuje a popisuje současný trh s MBA studiem v České republice a seznamuje s nejvýznamnějšími institucemi, na nichž je možné MBA v Česku studovat.
The purpose of this manikin-based study was to determine the percentage penetrations of nine CE-marked filtering facepiece respirator models (two samples from each) from filtering classes FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 and to demonstrate by an independent measurement method the disadvantages and shortcomings of the currently valid European Norm (EN 149:2001) for filtering facepieces. All of the filtering facepieces were evaluated size-selectively in an experimental chamber using charge-neutralized monodisperse ammonium sulfate in 9 sizes ranging from 20-400 nm of count median diameter (CMD) under flowrate of 95 L/min. The results were then compared to the previous study concerning penetrations of 47-mm diameter filters cut from the filtering material of identical filtering facepieces. Although these two experimental methods for measuring penetrations of filtering materials from filtering facepieces are in good agreement (R2 = 0.91), the results show within-respirator variations in all three filtering classes (5.5-19.3% for all FFRs in FFP1, 2.8-8.5% in FFP2, and 0.1-2.8% in FFP3). The most penetrating particle size (MPPS) in this study was found to be in the range of 25-65 nm (CMD), which is in agreement with the range of 30-60 nm found in the previous study. Moreover, 7 out of 9 FFR models reached higher penetrations from manikin-based respirator measurements than during measurements of filters from the respective respirators. Furthermore, penetration levels increased up to ∼50% when the respirator was not sealed around the face of the manikin, indicating that the real protection level provided by these filtering facepieces may be even lower if the respirator does not fit perfectly. Considering that poor filtration efficiency and poor fit may increase under real work conditions, the particle penetration is even higher than was found in this study. Therefore, the CE-marked respirators examined in this study may not be efficient in providing the expected level of protection for workers exposed to nanoparticles.
A collection of personal radiation shielding protective clothing, suitable for use in case of accidents in nuclear facilities or radiological emergency situations involving radioactive agents, was gathered and tested at the Nuclear Protection Department of the National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection, Czech Republic. Attenuating qualities of shielding layers in individual protective clothing were tested via spectra measurement of x and gamma rays, penetrating them. The rays originated from different radionuclide point sources, the gamma ray energies of which cover a broad energy range. The spectra were measured by handheld spectrometers, both scintillation and High Purity Germanium. Different narrow beam geometries were adjusted using a special testing bench and a set of various collimators. The main experimentally determined quantity for individual samples of personal radiation shielding protective clothing was x and gamma rays attenuation for significant energies of the spectra. The attenuation was assessed comparing net peak areas (after background subtraction) in spectra, where a tested sample was placed between the source and the detector, and corresponding net peak areas in spectra, measured without the sample. Mass attenuation coefficients, which describe attenuating qualities of shielding layers materials in individual samples, together with corresponding lead equivalents, were determined as well. Experimentally assessed mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were compared to the referred ones for individual heavy metals.
- MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- first responder * MeSH
- fotony MeSH
- germanium MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ochranné oděvy * MeSH
- plánování postupu v případě katastrof metody MeSH
- radiační ochrana metody MeSH
- radiační poranění prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rentgenové záření MeSH
- software MeSH
- těžké kovy MeSH
- únik radioaktivních látek * MeSH
- záření gama MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dávka záření * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hygiena záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- radiometrie * metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- radon * izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- školy klasifikace normy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vládní programy MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The Authorized Metrological Centre (AMS) working by SUJCHBO (National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection) ensures for the Czech Republic the metrological traceability for devices that measure the radon concentration and the energy equivalent radon concentration connected with the radon decay products (RnDP). The evaluation and the calibration of measuring devices for radon and RnDP require the stable conditions (first of all radon and the RnDP concentrations). The new AMS radon-aerosol chamber in Kamenná consists of the walk-in testing chamber with a volume of 10 m(3) and of the handling box with a volume of 0.3 m(3). The design of the chamber allows measurement and a control of environmental parameters such as the temperature, the pressure of air inside and outside of the chamber, the relative humidity of air, the concentration and the size distribution of aerosol particles and the air velocity.
- MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The knowledge of the behaviour of radioactive aerosol particles in the uranium mine atmosphere is very important due to the evaluation of the effective dose for uranium miners. During the research of the project SUJ200402-'Study of behaviour of natural long-lived radionuclides in the mine atmosphere', several measurement campaigns were performed in the last active Central Europe uranium mine Rozna I. The main purpose of this paper is characterisation the radionuclides which creating the main part of the airborne radioactivity in the uranium mine atmosphere. The present paper introduces results of the measurements of airborne radioactivity in stopes of the uranium mine Rozna I. The measurements were performed at the 21st floor at a depth of ∼1100 m under the ground. In addition to the concentration of (222)Rn, its progenies, long-lived radionuclides and also the concentration of aerosol particles were measured.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- hornictví MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- prach analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- uran analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
It is a little surprising, but radon has been measured by our Institute for >50 y. In the first phase this was carried out in underground mines (up to the present day) but more and more attention has been paid to domestic dwellings and NORM workplaces. The number of the measurements (grab sampling underground, SSNTDs application) was relatively high. To the routine work of the Institute is added research and calibration for radon measuring organisations. Since the formation of the Czech Republic, our previous institution was reformed by the State Office for Nuclear Safety and is one of the two organisations whose main task is, among others, radon measurement.
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- monitorování radiace dějiny MeSH
- radiační ochrana dějiny MeSH
- radon analýza dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
